Measuring the circularity of modular units in modular construction projects

With the acceleration of global urbanization, most of us will live in cities in the future. As the urban population grows, the shortage of residential buildings has become a more and more severe problem. In response to the rising demand for housing, more and more builders in Europe, East Asia, Australia and other places have begun to adopt a...

Investigating the extension of service life of box-beam bridge girders: And it's impact on circularity

The main motivation within this thesis is to explore the possibility of increasing the service life of box-beam bridge girders to aid the ambition of the Dutch government to become a circular economy. The construction industry still follows a more or less linear economy system. Many bridges in the Netherlands are approaching the end of their...

Flexible floor systems: The effectiveness of flexibility measures in improving the circularity of building components

The environmental strain and depletion of natural resources caused by the current economic system could be reduced through the transition to a more circular economy, based on regenerative use of resources, where materials are kept in use for as long as possible and their value is retained (Cheshire, 2016; Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2013;...

Circularity in Railway: How circularity can be applied in railway