The determination of the feasibility of a 'Sand Breakwater' on the Nigerian coastline at Badagry

The coastal waters of Nigeria are a difficult environment to build structures to control the local morphology and hydrodynamic conditions to ones desire. This difficulty is a consequence of the persistent high-energy swell wave climate and Longshore Sediment Transport (LST) in the order of one million cubic metres per<br/>year. Besides these...

Cartagena: A redevelopment study

Stone stability in breakwater toes based on local hydraulic conditions

This study investigates the stability of rocks in breakwater toes. Previous studies have coupled the toe stability directly to the wave height, which is not physically accurate. In this study the local hydraulic conditions at the point of incipient motion are considered. First the forces acting on a single stone are identified. Thereafter the...