Integrity monitoring-based ratio test for GNSS integer ambiguity validation

The combination of multiple global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) is able to improve the accuracy and reliability, which is beneficial for navigation in safety–critical applications. Due to the relatively low accuracy of pseudorange observations, the single-epoch GNSS real-time kinematic (RTK) using phase observations can be utilized to...

Hydrologic and cryospheric processes observed from space

Ten Dragon 3 projects deal with hydrologic and cryosphere processes, with a focus on the Himalayas and Qinghai – Tibet Plateau, but not limited to that. At the 1st Dragon 3 Progress Symposium in 2013 a significant potential for a better and deeper integration appeared very clearly and we worked out an overview of the ten projects identifying...

Relative role of bed roughness change and bed erosion on peak discharge increase in hyperconcentrated floods

River floods are usually featured by a downstream flattening discharge peak whereas a downstream increasing discharge peak is observed at a rate exceeding the tributary discharge during highly silt-laden floods (hyperconcentrated floods) in China’s Yellow River. It entails a great challenge in the downstream flood defence and the underlying...

Morphological modeling using a fully coupled, total variation diminishing upwind-biased centered scheme

High-resolution morphological modeling of fluvial processes with complex, rapidly varying flows has been limited so far by model accuracy or computational efficiency. One of the most widely used numerical algorithms is based on the total variation diminishing method, solved by either upwind or centered approaches. An upwind scheme preserves high...

Relative role of bed roughness, bed erosion and channel storage on peak discharge increase in hyperconcentrated floods (abstract)