Open Inverted Filters: Impact of fines content, coefficient of uniformity, and effective stress on inverted geometrically open granular filters in terms of parallel and perpendicular gradients

This study investigates the capacity of an open inverted filter to stabilize the interface between the sand fill and core fill in a rubble mound breakwater. The strength of this filter relies on the arching mechanism of the base material, which is directly influenced by factors such as stability ratio and effective stresses. These forces arise...