Cryogenic CMOS Characterization for Quantum Computer Applications

Device characteristics at cryogenic temperatures can deviate significantly from their room temperature behaviour. For example, the threshold voltage of a MOSFET can increase by more than 100 mV when it is cooled down to 4.2 K, as shown in this thesis. If a designer is not aware of this shift, circuits that work as intended at room temperature...

A Cryo-CMOS Voltage Reference for Quantum Computing Applications

Voltage references are an essential building block for many electronic systems, such as analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters, and voltage regulators. Although state-of-the-art voltage references already demonstrated high performance over the standard temperature range (−40 °C to 125 °C), specific applications require an operating...

Characterization and Analysis of On-Chip Microwave Passive Components at Cryogenic Temperatures

This paper presents the characterization and modeling of microwave passive components in TSMC 40-nm bulk CMOS, including metal-oxide-metal (MoM) capacitors, transformers, and resonators, at deep cryogenic temperatures (4.2 K). To extract the parameters of the passive components, the pad parasitics were de-embedded from the test structures using...

Cryogenic Hardware Considerations Of Neural Network Decoders For Quantum Error Correction Using Rotated Surface Codes

The quantum bits (qubits) at the core of any quantum computers are so fragile that quantum error correction(QEC) schemes are needed to increase their robustness and enable fault-tolerant quantum algorithms. The surface code is one of the most popular QEC schemes, but it requires the availability of an efficient decoder. While neural networks...

Characterization of standard cell libraries in cryogenic applications

In order to improve the ability to design digital ICs for cryogenic temperatures, the objective of this work is to characterize the timing performance of standard cells in the TSMC 40nm technology at a temperature range between 4K and 300K. A design was made to perform automated on-chip characterization of standard cell propagation delay, that...

Cryogenic CMOS supply voltage regulator for quantum computing applications

Quantum computers are able to deal with large problems, like molecular modelling, financial prediction and cryptography. A classical controller is used to control the qubits of the quantum computer. A proposed controller, operating at 4K, needs a clean voltage supply in order to function well. The long interconnects between the room temperature...

A Wide Temperature Range Voltage Reference for Quantum Computing Applications

Quantum computers seem very promising in solving problems that are too large to be solved by classical computers that are available today. However, to generate reasonable amounts of computing power, many qubits will be required. Each of the qubits has to be individually controlled and needs to be kept at cryogenic temperatures. To allow for the...