Statistical Effects of Propagation Environment and Transmit Array Topology on Cell-Edge User Service Quality at mm-Waves

The effects of multipath on the statistical cell-edge user service quality is for the first time investigated for mm-wave multi-user communication systems. The focus is given on setting the user spacing constraints and the transmit array topology via thinning, which can be used to enhance wireless security or decrease analog/digital complexity....

A Novel Heatsink Attached mm-Wave Active Patch Antenna With Adjustable Frequency and Cooling

In this study, the thermal management problem of the modern communication systems with small array sizes is addressed. A novel dual-functional active antenna design strategy is introduced for adjustable frequency of operation and cooling extension at millimeter-wave bands. The concept is based on placing different types of heatsinks on the same...

System Advantages of Using Large-Scale Aperiodic Array Topologies in Future mm-Wave 5G/6G Base Stations: An Interdisciplinary Look

The encouraging potential of employing large-scale aperiodic base station arrays in addressing the radiation pattern and thermal requirements of the next generation communication systems is demonstrated. Sample 256-element layout-optimized multibeam arrays are presented as a futuristic view. The system benefits (in terms of the statistical...

Site-Specific Ultra-Low-Sidelobe Phased Array Topologies for Sparse Areas of Particular Shape

Optimal design of uniformly-fed aperiodic millimeter-wave phased array topologies for site-specific and quasi interference-free operation is presented. Several use cases with different number of line-of-sight cells in the close vicinity of the base station, and for various widths and shapes of the cells, are analyzed. The arrays are synthesized...

5G SIW-Based Phased Antenna Array With Cosecant-Squared Shaped Pattern

In this article, a concept of a phased antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology for 5G base stations is proposed. The array has a cosecant radiation pattern in the vertical plane for uniform illumination in a sector area. The array itself consists of 16 SIW traveling wave subarrays of 12 slot-coupled microstrip...

Antenna Array Synthesis and Beamforming for 5G Applications: An Interdisciplinary Approach

Realization of the future 5G systems requires the design of novel mm-wave base station antenna systems that are capable of generating multiple beams with low mutual interference, while serving multiple users simultaneously using the same frequency band. Besides, small wavelengths and high packaging densities of front-ends lead to overheating of...

System Impacts of User Scheduling with Minimal Angular Separation Constraints in Radio Resource Management for 5G and Beyond

The system effects and trade-offs of varying the minimal angular separation among multiple simultaneous co-frequency users are investigated for a high-capacity multibeam communication scenario. Through the statistical system simulations, it is demonstrated that the optimal (non-zero) value of the required separation depends on the base station...

Synthesis of Multi-Beam Space-Tapered Linear Arrays with Side Lobe Level Minimization in the Presence of Mutual Coupling

An iterative convex element position optimization algorithm is proposed for linear phased array synthesis with the aim of minimizing the side lobe level at multiple scan angles in the presence of mutual coupling. Embedded element patterns are obtained via full-wave simulations and integrated into the optimization procedure. A two-step...

5G Multi-User System Simulations in Line-of-Sight With Space-Tapered Cellular Base Station Phased Arrays

The performance of space-tapered multi-beam arrays with minimized side lobe levels is statistically evaluated in a line-of-sight propagation environment within a cell sector in terms of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio at the multiple user ends. Comparative analyses are performed to examine the advantages of space-tapered, irregular...

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Passively Cooled 5G Base Station Antennas Using Thick Ground Planes

The thermal and electromagnetic effects of varying the ground plane thickness and aperture size of the 5G integrated base station antennas are investigated. A double-sided PCB structure is designed with antennas and digital beamforming chips on the opposite sides. Fully-passive cooling is achieved by using fanless CPU coolers attached to the...

System Modeling and Simulation in 5G: A Hybrid Beamforming Approach With Power Flux Equalization in the Elevation Plane

This paper presents a 5G downlink system model for a hybrid multi-user beamforming technique at the base station. The presented technique employs power flux equalization in the elevation plane using a fixed analog cosecant-shaped beam and digital beamforming in the azimuth plane. The system performances of various beamforming algorithms are...

Passive Cooling of mm-Wave Active Integrated 5G Base Station Antennas Using CPU Heatsinks

The challenge of cooling in mm-wave chipintegrated base station antenna arrays is addressed. Several approaches in thermal modeling of electronics are revisited and discussed. The two-resistor compact thermal model is applied to predict the junction temperatures of the beamformer chips. Thermal simulations are performed for two fabricated arrays...

Active Multiport Subarrays for 5G Communications

A novel hybrid beamforming architecture based on aphased array of active multiport subarrays is proposed for multi-user 5G applications. The subarrays have multiple simultaneous fixed beams which are smartly combined at the user locations withrelatively large gains towards the intended co-frequency users and sufficiently low inter-user...

Thermal-Aware Synthesis of 5G Base Station Antenna Arrays: An Overview and a Sparsity-Based Approach

Heat removal capabilities and radiation performances of several sparse antenna array topologies are studied for cooling enhancement in 5G millimeter-wave base station antennas. Both electromagnetic and thermal aspects are jointly considered for the first time in array layout optimization and a novel connection between layout sparsity and thermal...

Synthesis of Multiple Beam Linear Arrays with Uniform Amplitudes

A convex iterative algorithm for the synthesis of uniform amplitude, space-tapered linear phased arrays with simultaneous multiple beam optimization for 5G applications is presented. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by the synthesis of two arrays having 16 and 24 elements with 60 and 90 degree scan range, respectively. The effect...