Coupling model of electromigration and experimental verification – Part II: Impact of thermomigration

This paper presented a comprehensive experimental and simulation study for thermomigration (TM) accompanying electromigration (EM) at elevated current densities. Both Blech and standard wafer-level electromigration acceleration test (SWEAT)-like test structures, with aluminum (Al) as a carrier, were used for testing and analysis. In Part I of...

The effect of stray current on hardening and hardened cement-based materials

Stray current has become a main concern for many years due to its effect on (reinforced) concrete structures and underground infrastructures. It has been reported that stray current affects not only steel reinforcement embedded in concrete, but can also induce degradation of the cement-based matrix. Stray current causes an increase of...

Optimized MEMS-based Nanoreactor for In-Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Studies at High Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure

Transmission electron microscopy is a powerful and commonly used tool to study nanoparticles, nanowires and 2D materials. It provides static information from the sample with atomic resolution, in high vacuum and at ambient temperature. However, in real processes, the environment is often different and dynamic.<br/><br/> MEMS-based sample...

Electrical Current Flow and Cement Hydration: Implications on Cement-Based Microstructure

Stray current is an electrical current “leakage” from metal conductors and electrical installations. When it flows through cement-based materials, electrical energy is converted to thermal energy that causes increasing temperature due to Joule heating phenomena. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the influence of electrical current flow...

Numerical modeling for the accurate computations of arc-heater flows

The purpose of this paper is to develop an accurate analysis code for the flow of arc-heater by employing advanced numerical models. Governing equations are hyperbolic-type axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations which include joule heating by arc, radiation and turbulent transport effect. Joule heating is simply calculated by Ohm’s law with the...