Multi-disciplinary and multi-objective optimization problem re-formulation in computational design exploration: A case of conceptual sports building design

The benefits of applying multi-objective optimization (MOO) in building design have been increasingly recognized in recent decades. The existing or traditional computational design optimization (CDO) approaches mostly focus on optimization problem solving (OPS), as they often conduct optimizations directly by assuming the optimization...

The three-dimensional flow organization past a micro-ramp in a supersonic boundary layer

The three-dimensional instantaneous flow organization in the near wake of a micro-ramp interacting with a Mach 2.0 supersonic turbulent boundary layer is studied using tomographic particle image velocimetry. The mean flow reveals a wake with approximately circular cross section dominated by a pair of counter-rotating streamwise vortices...