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Tang, Z. (author), Pan, S. (author), Grubor, M. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This article presents a sub-1 V bipolar junction transistor (BJT)-based temperature sensor that achieves both high accuracy and high energy efficiency. To avoid the extra headroom required by conventional current sources, the sensor’s diode-connected BJTs are biased by precharging sampling capacitors to the supply voltage and then discharging...journal article 2023
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Someya, T. (author), Van Hoek, Vincent (author), Angevare, J. (author), Pan, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This letter describes an NPN-based temperature sensor that achieves a 1-point trimmed inaccuracy of ±0.15 °C (3σ) from -15 to 85 °C while dissipating only 210 nW. It uses a dual-mode frontend to roughly halve the power consumption of conventional frontends. First, two NPNs are used to generate a well-defined PTAT bias current, then this...journal article 2022
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Gürleyük, C. (author), Pan, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This article presents a 16-MHz RC frequency reference implemented in a standard 180-nm CMOS process. It consists of a frequency-locked loop (FLL) in which the output frequency of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is locked to the frequency-phase characteristic of a Wien bridge RC filter. Since it is made from on-chip resistors and...journal article 2022
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Pan, S. (author)This thesis describes the design and implementation of integrated temperature sensors based on the temperature dependency of CMOS resistors.doctoral thesis 2021
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Pan, S. (author), Angevare, J. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This article describes a hybrid temperature sensor in which an accurate, but energy-inefficient, thermal diffusivity (TD) sensor is used to calibrate an inaccurate, but efficient, resistor-based sensor. The latter is based on silicided polysilicon resistors embedded in a Wien-bridge (WB) filter, while the former is based on an electrothermal...journal article 2021
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Pan, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This article describes a highly energy-efficient Wheatstone bridge temperature sensor. To maximize sensitivity, the bridge is made from resistors with positive (silicided diffusion) and negative (poly) temperature coefficients. The bridge is balanced by a resistive (poly) FIR-DAC, which is part of a 2nd-order continuous-time delta-sigma...journal article 2020
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Pan, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This letter presents a compact, energy-efficient, and low-power Wheatstone-bridge temperature sensor for biomedical applications. To maximize sensitivity and reduce power dissipation, the sensor employs a high-resistance (600 kΩ ) bridge that consists of resistors with positive (silicided-poly) and negative ( n -poly) temperature coefficients...journal article 2020
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Pan, S. (author), Gürleyük, C. (author), Pimenta, Matheus F. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)Resistor-based temperature sensors can achieve much higher resolution and energy efficiency than conventional BJT-based sensors [1], but they typically occupy more area (> 0.25 mm <sup>2</sup> ) and have lower operating temperatures (le 125 {circ} {C}) [2]-[4]. This work describes a 0.12mm <sup>2</sup> resistor-based sensor that uses a...conference paper 2019
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Pan, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)Temperature sensors intended for embedded applications should be both energy-and area-efficient. The combination of Wheatstone-bridge (WhB) sensors and continuous-time ADCs has proven to be highly energy efficient [1], [2]. However, their area (> 0.25 mm{2}) is still larger than that of comparable BJT-based sensors [3], [4]. This paper...conference paper 2019
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Pan, S. (author), Luo, Yanquan (author), Heidary Shalmany, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This paper describes a high-resolution energy-efficient CMOS temperature sensor, intended for the temperature compensation of MEMS/quartz frequency references. The sensor is based on silicided poly-silicon thermistors, which are embedded in a Wien-bridge RC filter. When driven at a fixed frequency, the filter exhibits a temperature-dependent...journal article 2018
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Pan, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)Temperature sensors based on Wheatstone bridges, e.g. [1,2], have recently achieved higher resolution and greater energy efficiency than conventional BJT-based sensors [3]. However, this comes at the expense of area, making them less attractive in industrial applications. This paper presents a Wheatstone-bridge sensor that uses a zoom-ADC...conference paper 2018
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Pan, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This paper describes a compact, energy efficient, resistor-based temperature sensor that can operate over a wide temperature range (-55 °C-125 °C). The sensor is based on a Wheatstone bridge (WhB) made from silicided poly-silicon and non-silicided poly-silicon resistors. To achieve both area and energy efficiencies, the current output of the WhB...journal article 2018
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Pan, S. (author), Luo, Yanquan (author), Heidary Shalmany, S. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)Temperature sensors are often used for the temperature compensation of frequency references [1-5]. High resolution and energy efficiency are then critical requirements, the former to minimize jitter and the latter to minimize power dissipation in a given conversion time. A MEMS-resonator-based sensor meets both criteria [1], but requires two...conference paper 2017
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Pan, S. (author), Jiang, H. (author), Makinwa, K.A.A. (author)This paper presents the most energy-efficient CMOS temperature sensor ever reported, with a resolution FoM of 49fJ·K2, 2.7× better than the state-of-the-art. It consists of a Wheatstone bridge made from poly-silicon resistors, which is readout by a 2nd-order Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma modulator (CTDSM). This approach leads to a high resolution ...conference paper 2017