Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes for ammonia recovery in wastewater: An innovative concept for the treatment of ammonia residual streams

Municipal and industrial wastewater contains a significant amount of dissolved nitrogen. This is the results of the organic protein degradation and of the large employment of nitrogen (<i>N</i>), usually in the form of ammonia (<i>NH</i>₃), in the industry. Currently, nitrogen is removed in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) by means...

Optimizing electrodialysis processes for concentrating ammonium rich streams

Ammonia in aqueous environments leads to eutrophication and toxicity of the receiving water body (Metcalf &amp; Eddy, 2003). In order to prevent environmental pollution, ammonia needs to be removed from residual water streams, before the water can be discharged to the aqueous environment (Song et al., 2012). Waste water treatment plants (WWTPs)...