Rocking of single-layer armour units measured by embedded sensors

Single layer randomly placed armour units are used in many rubble mound breakwaters around the world. For these armour layers first extraction of units starts at high loads and can then progress quickly. Before the first extraction of a unit, typically no quantitative description of damage can be given. But additional to extraction, breakage of...

Automatic settlement analysis of single-layer armour layers

A method to quantify, analyse, and present the settlement of single-layer concrete armour layers of coastal structures is presented. The use of the image processing technique for settlement analysis is discussed based on various modelling<br/>studies performed over the years. The accuracy of the technique is assessed, and the application of the...

Breakwater stability with damaged single layer armour units

The effect of single layer interlocking armour unit breakage on the hydraulic armour layer stability and potential damage progression is addressed in this paper. A 2-dimensional scale model of a rubble mound breakwater with an armour layer consisting of Xbloc armour units was tested. The residual armour layer stability with broken units was...

Havendammen van IJmuiden, modelonderzoek

De Bouwdienst van Rijkswaterstaat heeft WL Delft Hydraulics opdracht gegeven voor het uitvoeren van 2D fysisch modelonderzoek ten behoeve van een mogelijke renovatie van de havendammen van IJmuiden. Het betreft enerzijds modelonderzoek om meer inzicht te verkrijgen in mogelijk optredende schademechanismen bij de huidige constructie (Proevenserie...

Positioning of cubes on a breakwater slope

Recent research has shown that it is possible to use concrete cubes as a single armour layer on breakwaters. However, this is only possible in case a placing density of at least 70 % is achieved. In lab-tests it is no problem to place cubes with this density, however it is questionable if such a placing density can be achieved in prototype...

The Application of load-cell technique in the study of armour unit responses to impact loads

The slender, complex types of armour units, such as Tetrapods and Dolosse are widely used for rubble mound breakwaters. Many of the recent failures of such structures were caused by unforeseen early breakage of the units, thus revealing an inbalance between the strength (structural integrity) of the units and the hydraulic stability (resistance...

Computer aided optimum design of rubble-mound breakwater cross-sections: Manual of the RUMBA computer package, release 1

The computation of the optimum rubble-mound breakwater crosssection is executed on a micro-computer. The RUMBA computer package consists of two main parts: the optimization process is executed by a Turbo Pascal programme, the second part consists of editing functions written in AutoLISP. AutoLISP is the programming language within AutoCAD. The...

Coastal Engineering. vol III: Breakwater design

General considerations, types of breakwaters, rubble mound breakwaters, wave run-up and overtopping, construction materials, armor computations, te core, filter and toe constructions, rubble mound breakwater construction, optimum design, example, monolithic breakwater, construction materials, wave foreces on vertical walls, monolithic breakwater...

A monograph on rubble mound breakwaters

Overview of failure mechanisms of rubble mound breakwaters of various types.

Classification des digues

Development of a formula for the stability of rubble mound breakwaters.