Alleviating mass transfer limitations in industrial external-loop syngas-to-ethanol fermentation

Mass transfer limitations in syngas fermentation processes are mostly attributed to poor solubility of CO and H₂ in water. Despite these assumed limitations, a syngas fermentation process has recently been commercialized. Using large-sale external-loop gas-lift reactors (EL-GLR), CO-rich off-gases are converted into ethanol, with...

Kinetics of different bioreactor systems with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans for ferrous iron oxidation

The relative performance of two biofilm-based airlift reactors using different kinds of packing materials and one fixed bed biofilm reactor with a homemade packing material of high specific area (~ 1000 m²/m³) was addressed. The bioreactors operated under ferrous iron loading rates in the range of 8–120 mol Fe(II)/m<sup...