Residual Value Determination in the Context of Product-Service Systems Applied to Infrastructure Projects

This past century the demand for raw materials has risen sharply. This demand is expected to rise even further, which is not sustainable. Changing the linear model of consumption to a circular model can help to decrease levels of raw material demand. The application of service­oriented business models, called Product­Service System (PSS) can...

Material Recovery from Dutch Wind Energy: A dynamic material flow analysis on Dutch wind turbines towards 2050 including recycling approaches for recovery of key materials

The transition to a renewable electricity system requires more intensive material use, causing problem shifting in environmental impacts. To conserve resources for the future and mitigate environmental impact, circular economy principles are needed. This study analyses material flows in Dutch wind energy towards 2050 to identify the potential...

How to reach the circularity goal in a growing residential construction sector: A case study of the Municipality of Leiden and BAM

The Dutch government aims to become fully circular in 2050 and to reduce the virgin material demand by 50% in 2030 (Rijksoverheid, 2016). For a country that has relied on a linear economy for centuries, this will prove to be a major challenge (Circle Economy, 2020; Rijksoverheid, 2016). Simultaneously, due to urbanization, the Dutch government...