Climate change and inland shipping

Although much attention is given to the consequences of climate change with respect to melting icecaps, starving polar bears, sea level rise and inadequate storm defense systems, there may be severe consequences for inland shipping too. Not only because of more frequent occurrence and longer durations of closed storm surge barriers, which may...

Conceptual models for short-eccentricity-scale climate control on peat formation in a lower Palaeocene fluvial system, north-eastern Montana (USA)

Fluvial systems in which peat formation occurs are typified by autogenic processes such as river meandering, crevasse splaying and channel avulsion. Nevertheless, autogenic processes cannot satisfactorily explain the repetitive nature and lateral continuity of many coal seams (compacted peats). The fluvial lower Palaeocene Tullock Member of...

The present and future contribution of ships to the underwater soundscape

Since the industrial revolution the ocean has become noisier. The global increase in shipping is one of the main contributors to this. In some regions, shipping contributed to an increase in ambient noise of several decibels, especially at low frequencies (10 to 100 Hz). Such an increase can have a substantial negative impact on fish,...