Bacteria and viruses removal in slow sand filters

Though slow sand filtration is one of the oldest and effective means of drinking water treatment, the mechanisms contributing to bacteria and viruses removal are not well understood. The lack of understanding of actual removal potential and different mechanisms occurring in the filter bed has limited the development of new filter design and...

Optimising the Ripening Period of Slow Sand Filters

This work is carried out in collaboration with Dunea and TU Delft. The aim of this study was to optimize the ripening period of slow sand filters and to identify the indicators of ripening. Combination of full scale and column scale slow sandfilters...