Fatigue Behaviour of Functionally Graded Steels Produced by Additive Manufacturing

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) can create large parts, due to its high deposition rate. WAAM can be used to create functionally graded materials (FGMs) such as a strong core of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel and corrosion-resistant cladding of austenitic stainless (AUS) steel. However, HSLA and AUS steel are dissimilar metals with...

Functional grading of low alloy steel to 316 L by wire arc additive manufacturing – Microstructural and mechanical characterization of bi-metal interface

This study examines the interface layer between a high-strength low-alloy steel and an overlaying austenitic stainless steel as deposited through wire arc additive manufacturing in a bi-metal block. By utilizing optical and electron microscopy techniques, and accompanied by phenomenological and thermodynamic modeling, the work elucidates on...

Advancing Temporomandibular Joint Implant Design: Exploring the Impact of Functionally Graded Materials at the Site of the Prosthetic Joint

The mechanical failure of a temporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement system can stem from various factors, with one notable cause being the unnatural kinematics and loading observed in prosthetic joint function. Given that,. the primary objective of the study was to investigate whether including functionally graded materials (FGMs) at the site...

粉末床熔融的多材料铺粉过程中粉末扩散的数值研究

Powder bed fusion additive manufacturing has been applied to the fabrication of functionally graded materials. A new design that allows the material composition to change along the direction perpendicular to the powder spreading has been reported in the literature. Based on this design, this work examines the quality of the graded spread...

Deposition of Low Thermal Expansion Invar Alloys Using Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) uses an arc welding process and consumable filler wire to deposit near net shaped 3d structures in a layer by layer manner. The highly flexible nature of the process enables the production of components with materials that are otherwise challenging to process using subtractive manufacturing methods. Invar...

Toolpath Generation for Fused Filament Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials

The products in our day to day lives have different requirements in different regions of the product. One way of dealing with such spatially varying requirements is to divide the product into multiple parts and assign each part a different material. For example, the handle of a drill is often fitted with a rubbery material which gives it more...

Multi-material additive manufacturing in architecture and construction: A review

Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing (MMAM) is an emerging manufacturing approach that is gaining interest in architecture and construction as an expansion of Additive Manufacturing. Hereby, different materials or material properties are combined in a single additive process in order to create objects that are composed of multiple materials....

Effect of microstructure induced anisotropy on fatigue behaviour of functionally graded Inconel 718 fabricated by additive manufacturing

In this paper, the effect of microstructural anisotropy on the fatigue crack growth behaviour of the functionally graded Inconel 718 fabricated through laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is investigated. Different manufacturing parameters, including low and high laser powers, were used to produce a variety of non-graded (NG) and functionally...

Manufacturing of functionally graded ceramics with in-space resources

Building habitats on the Moon is required for long-duration missions foreseen in the very near future. The availability of lunar regolith will allow to manufacture such in space habitats and reduce the cost of space missions. However, the Moon has specific environmental characteristics that are different compared to terrestrial habitats:...

Fatigue Crack Propagation in Additively Manufactured and Functionally Graded Inconel 718

Additive Manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, exemplifies the recently emerging processing methodologies that aim to substitute the conventional routes, such as to produce parts with complex geometries and eliminate expensive tooling. AM also allows high degree of freedom and rapid prototyping for functional part optimization. This...

Additively manufactured biodegradable porous metals

For the treatment of large bony defects, no perfect solution has been yet found, partially due to the unavailability of ideal bone implants. Additively manufactured (AM) biodegradable porous metals provide unprecedented opportunities to fulfil the requirements for ideal bone implants to be used in such treatments. Firstly, the multi-scale...

Fatigue Behaviour of functionally graded Inconel 718 manufactured by selective laser melting

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) represent a new class of materials that consist of graded compositional and microstructural patterns allowing to tailor properties. Additive manufacturing (AM) or more commonly known as 3D-printing offers a paradigm shift in FGMs and engineering design due to its ability to produce components with complex...

Mechanics of bioinspired functionally graded soft-hard composites made by multi-material 3D printing

Functional gradients are material transitions that are found in nature and are known to result in materials with superior properties and multiple functionalities. The emerging multi-material 3D printing (=additive manufacturing, AM) techniques provide a powerful tool for the design and fabrication of bioinspired functionally graded materials ...

Characterisation of a functionally graded duplex stainless steel: fabricated by Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

Functionally graded materials (FGM) are a class of materials in which the chemical composition or microstructure varies as a function of position, offering unique material properties. In this study, a functionally graded structure was manufactured using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding and a double wire feed device. The wire feed rate was changed step...

Deformable Acetabular Implants: an explorative study

An acetabular revision is a very challenging intervention, due to moderate to severe bone deficiencies and poor bone quality. Current solutions for this intervention are associated with inconsistent and unreliable clinical outcomes. This leads to substantial complications, including implant migration and loosening. These complications are, among...

CrossFill: Foam Structures with Graded Density for Continuous Material Extrusion

The fabrication flexibility of 3D printing has sparked a lot of interest in designing structures with spatially graded material properties. In this paper, we propose a new type of density graded structure that is particularly designed for 3D printing systems based on filament extrusion. In order to ensure high-quality fabrication results,...

Fracture Behavior of Bio-Inspired Functionally Graded Soft–Hard Composites Made by Multi-Material 3D Printing: The Case of Colinear Cracks

The functional gradient is a concept often occurring in nature. This concept can be implemented in the design and fabrication of advanced materials with specific functionalities and properties. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) can effectively eliminate the interface problems in extremely hard–soft connections, and, thus, have numerous and...