Hierarchical model predictive control for energy management of power-to-X systems

This paper presents the application of Hierarchical Model Predictive Control (HMPC) as an energy management framework for a multi-timescale mixed-energy system, i.e., Power-to-X (PtX). The goal of the energy managing controller is to minimize an economic objective by determining the energy flows within the system. HMPC enables a long-term...