A study of the elastic moduli and chemical composition of corrosion product naturally-generated due to chlorides through nano-indentation and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS)

An important input parameter for numerical models that simulate cracking of the concrete cover due to reinforcement corrosion is the Elastic modulus of corrosion product (Ecp). Despite its relevance, Ecp is subject of significant variations according to the values reported in the literature, which vary from less than 100 MPa up to 360 GPa....

Determination of loss of reinforcement due to corrosion through X-ray computer micro-tomography

X-ray computer scanning tomography (CT scan) is an increasingly more available technique, which has been applied to material sciences for years. Although most of its use is qualitative for gaining insights on material behavior, quantitative analysis for estimations of deterioration rates is possible. This paper describes an unbiased,...

Analysis of naturally-generated corrosion products due to chlorides in 20-year old reinforced concrete: An elastic modulus-mineralogy characterization

The elastic modulus of corrosion product (E_cp) has been reported with significant variations in the literature. This study aims to investigate the E_cp of naturally-generated chloride-induced corrosion products formed in different concrete mixes. Microstructural characterization was conducted through nano-indentation,...

Mechanical behavior of printed strain hardening cementitious composites

Extrusion based additive manufacturing of cementitious materials has demonstrated strong potential to become widely used in the construction industry. However, the use of this technique in practice is conditioned by a feasible solution to implement reinforcement in such automated process. One of the most successful ductile materials in civil...

The influence of defects at the steel/concrete interface for chloride-induced pitting corrosion of naturally-deteriorated 20-years-old specimens studied through X-ray Computed Tomography

Although reinforcement corrosion is a well-known issue, which are the locations of the steel/concrete interface most sensitive to pitting corrosion is still an unclear issue. In this study, X-ray computed tomography is used to characterize eight 20-years-old reinforced concrete cores naturally deteriorated due to chloride-induced corrosion....

A critical review of 3D concrete printing as a low CO2 concrete approach

Concrete is by volume the most widely used building material all over the world. The concrete industry emits large quantities of greenhouse gases. Therefore, developing low CO2 concrete becomes an urgent issue for those countries with significant concrete production and consumption. In recent years, 3D concrete printing (3DCP) which is a new...

Semi- and full quantitative EDS microanalysis of chlorine in reinforced mortars subjected to chloride ingress and carbonation

Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) is a powerful tool for research studies on building materials. Elemental quantification in cementitious phases contained in the concrete microstructure can be performed at an excellent spatial resolution. However, accurate compositional quantification requires a standard-based analysis, whereas...