Smart Power Grid: A Holonic Approach

The electrical power system provides vital support for the functioning of modern so- cieties. Driven by the growing interest in clean, reliable and affordable energy, the electrical power system is facing transitions. The share of renewable energy sources in electricity supply is growing. In addition, the end customers of electricity, such as...

Holonic architecture of the smart grid

With the growing concerns about sustainable energy, energy efficiency and energy security, the electrical power system is undergoing major changes. Distributed energy sources are becoming widely available at the lower parts of the grid. As a result, more and more end consumers are transforming from passive consumers to active “prosumers” that...