International comparison of impurities mixing and accumulation in steel scrap

The accumulation of impurities in the recycling of steel impacts the quality of secondary steel. Understanding impurity levels is crucial in the context of the proliferation of circular economy policies, expected high recycling rates, and growth of scrap consumption. By assuming the accumulation of impurities to be equal worldwide, the...

In situ high-temperature EBSD and 3D phase field studies of the austenite-ferrite transformation in a medium Mn steel

In this research, in situ high-temperature electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) mapping is applied to record and analyze the migration of the α/3 interfaces during cyclic austenite-ferrite phase transformations in a medium manganese steel. The experimental study is supplemented with related 3D phase field (PF) simulations to better...

Modelling study on the three-dimensional neutron depolarisation response of the evolving ferrite particle size distribution during the austenite–ferrite phase transformation in steels

The magnetic configuration of a ferromagnetic system with mono-disperse and poly-disperse distribution of magnetic particles with inter-particle interactions has been computed. The analysis is general in nature and applies to all systems containing magnetically interacting particles in a non-magnetic matrix, but has been applied to steel...

Finite element modelling of creep cavity filling by solute diffusion

In recently discovered self healing creep steels, open-volume creep cavities are filled by the precipitation of supersaturated solute. These creep cavities form on the grain boundaries oriented perpendicular to the applied stress. The presence of a free surface triggers a flux of solute from the matrix, over the grain boundaries towards the...

Predicting the cooperative effect of Mn–Si and Mn–Mo on the incomplete bainite formation in quaternary Fe–C alloys

Predicting the effect of alloying elements on the degree of incomplete austenite to bainite transformation in low carbon steels is of great industrial importance. This study introduces an extended Gibbs energy balance model which makes use of an additive approach to calculate the coupled effect of Mn, Si and Mo on the fraction of bainitic...

Structural tale of two novel (Cr,Mn)C carbides in steel

Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), and Carbon (C) are well known alloying elements used in technologically important alloy steels and advanced high strength steels. It is known that binary CrCx and MnCx carbides can be formed in steels, but in this study we reveal for the first time that Cr and Mn were found combined in novel ternary cementite type ...

Bio-inspired control of material properties in civil engineering: Current concept for corrsoion protection via the application of bacteria and bio-polymers

The improvement of material properties of cement-based materials e.g. reduced permeability, porosity, uniform distribution of hydration products, etc. is of a significant importance and related to durability and sustainability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. With this respect, a recent and novel approach is to "create" self...

Investigation of Corrosion and Cathodic Protection in Reinforced Concrete. I: Application of Electrochemical Techniques

The electrochemical behavior of steel reinforcement in conditions of corrosion and cathodic protection was studied, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and compared to reference (noncorroding) conditions. Polarization resistance (PR) method and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) were employed as well, in addition to ac 2 pin...

Electrochemical Behavior, Microstructural Analysis, and Morphological Observations in Reinforced Mortar Subjected to Chloride Ingress

The behavior of steel reinforcement was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization resistance (PR) techniques in conditions of chloride-induced corrosion in ordinary Portland cement-mortar specimens immersed in 7% NaCl for a test period of 120 days and compared to specimens immersed in demineralized water for the...