The impacts of e-commerce growth on the amount of kilometers driven for last-mile delivery in the Netherlands: A system dynamic based analysis on the relation between e-commerce and the logistic sector

This research clarifies the relations between the growing e-commerce sector and the logistic sector. The last-mile transportation of goods bought via e-commerce is growing, which leads to negative impacts on the environment and mobility. A Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) illustrating the relations is made and a simulation model is build quantifying...