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McKenzie, R. (author), Keizer, Emma M. (author), Vink, J.N.A. (author), van Lopik, Jasper (author), Büke, F. (author), Kalkman, Vera (author), Fleck, Christian (author), Tans, S.J. (author), Brouns, S.J.J. (author)While CRISPR-Cas defence mechanisms have been studied on a population level, their temporal dynamics and variability in individual cells have remained unknown. Using a microfluidic device, time-lapse microscopy and mathematical modelling, we studied invader clearance in Escherichia coli across multiple generations. We observed that CRISPR...journal article 2022