The last stand: Sint Laurens Church’s Heroic Resistance Against the 1940 Rotterdam Bombing

The post-war reconstruction of the Sint Laurens Church in Rotterdam after World War II marked a pivotal moment in the city’s history. This abstract provides an overview of the comprehensive examination of the reconstruction process, exploring the architectural resilience, renovation discussions, and the culmination of renovation efforts. Through...

H-schools as the centre of the neighbourhood in the post-war Netherlands

Through both the lens of sustainability and current events, particularly the pandemic, there is an increasing awareness of the importance of adaptability and intensive use of buildings. In the Netherlands, one form of adaptability and intensive use emerged in the second half of the 20th century in school buildings. One of the main ideas is that...

Reconstructing Emmerich`s history during and after the World War: A study on the reconstruction of a destroyed German city and its people

Research focussed on the events and transformation Emmerich, Germany, and its built environment have gone through during and since World War 2. Reporting on the events and its development through the means of contemporary records and the accounts of witness of the time.

Authentic reconstruction of the Notre Dame de Paris?

This paper reviews the decision to rebuild the Notre Dame de Paris to its last known visual state by, firstly, gaining knowledge in the general definition and the importance of heritage and secondly, obtaining insides in the notion and complexities of authenticity. In addition this paper reviews the reconstruction process of the Frauenkirche in...

Potsdam between shifting ideologies: Selective deconstruction and reconstruction in two systems

The history of Germany in the 20th century was marked by the destruction of war, separation and reunification. This eventful past also ensured that this history was repeatedly revised by the German Democratic Republic (GDR) and the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) - true to the motto "History is written by victors". This revision can be an...

Dutch and American mental health hospitals in the reconstruction years (1945 - 1970)

This research has focused on the similarities and differences in the relevant socio-cultural influences and the organization of characteristic mental healthcare facilities for the Netherlands and the United States in the period from 1945 to 1970. Starting with the socio-cultural changes from this period for the Netherlands and the United States,...