Energy storage has the potential to reduce the fuel consumption of ships by loading the engine(s) more efficiently. The exact effect of on-board energy storage depends on the ship functions, the configuration of the on-board power system and the energy management strategy. Previous research in this area consists of detailed modelling, design, and comparisons of specific on-board power systems for explicitly defined operational profiles. The necessary inputs for these studies are rarely known initially however, since the effect of energy storage on the fuel consumption is not necessarily always positive, it is essential to know the limitations of fuel savings obtained by an on-board energy storage early in the design stage. To that effect, the paper proposes a set of algebraic formulas for the equivalent specific fuel consumption of on-board power systems equipped with electrical energy storage, which give a quick estimation of the maximum fuel savings obtainable. Depending on the specific fuel consumption of the prime mover, the loading point of the system and the use scenario of the battery, relative efficiency improvements can vary between −48% and 57%. A set of design guidelines is also proposed based on the obtained results.

This paper presents a methodology for evaluating different on-board power systems in the concept design phase. From an energy efficiency perspective, the potential advantages of a modern on-board power system are dependent on two major considerations: The design ratio between propulsion and auxiliary loads and the operational profile. These factors vary significantly for different ships and they can be roughly estimated very early in the design process, when only the main ship functions are known. An energy efficiency calculation method is proposed that has only these factors as input and is therefore applicable in the early stages of ship design.

The applicability of different selection methods for power systems on board ships is highly dependent on the number of options possible. With the introduction of new technologies in the maritime sector, this number is increasing. However, its exact value, or even its order of magnitude is still unknown. This article shows the complexity of modern on-board power system by quantifying the number of possible system configurations currently available. A constraint satisfaction algorithm generates different configurations and the results are supported by combinatorics principles. The set of constraints used led to a significant reduction in the design space, and the influence of each of the constraints is investigated independently. Traditional mechanical propulsion is present in less than 1% of the generated configurations, whereas electric and hybrid propulsion are dominant. In particular, the impact of energy storage on the size of the design space is made evident. The order of magnitude of the total number of configurations obtained supports the use of modern selection methods instead of ones based on expert intuition and past experience. The presented work offers a tool to determine and restrict the size of the design space. It can therefore be integrated into existing selection methods and is a starting point for the development of new ones.