The ongoing energy transition in the Netherlands is a key driver for changing landscape identities. This report examines the disrupted relationship between landscape, energy, and local communities in relation to the energy transition through the case of Northern Netherlands (Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe). The study focuses on how a centralized planning approach, coupled with limited community participation, impacts the identity of the rural landscape and results in large resistance from the local community. This disconnection serves as the starting point for developing an alternative strategy—one that fosters a more just and inclusive transition.

The relationship between landscapes, energy and rural residents is analyzed using maps, literature, case studies and media analysis to gain an in-depth understanding of resistance towards centralized energy projects that go beyond NIMBYism. Core themes including public acceptance, spatial justice, participatory governance, and integrated land-use planning are explored in the report. Existing modes of bottom-up governance such as farmer and energy cooperatives are used to build an alternate model of governance for management of new energy landscapes. It follows a cooperative approach to empower citizens in the decision making of the new identity.

By coupling energy transition within local participation and sensitivity to the landscape and its identity, this report advocates for an integrated, place-based approach that enhances public acceptance and contributes to a just redefinition of landscape identity. For this, an integrated toolbox in the form of spatial principles, a catalogue and a new governance structure are presented.