Scaling factor is one of the most crucial aspect in 2D and 3D models especially in computer graphics, CAD, GIS, and games. Different user or/and application need different scale models during various stages of the use of data, including visualization and interaction. There are some arisen issues on 3D data model especially to meet GIS requirements while minimize the redundancy of the datasets. In GIS modelling, various data structures and data models have been proposed to support variety of applications and dimensionalities, but only a few in scale dimension. Some of them have succeeded in modelling scale such as in Space-Scale Cube (SSC) model. The recently implemented Dual Half-Edge (DHE) data structure within the PostgreSQL database is suitable for any valid 3D spatial model; not yet being explored for other dimensional such as scale environment. Using the same vario-scale approach, the DHE data model is also capable to implement a variable Level of Detail (LoD) representation such as SSC model. Some advantages of the DHE are described in this paper such as the dynamic property (valid updates based on Euler operations) and topology approach in comparison with other existing data structures. The last section of this paper describes capability of the DHE data structure to provide a better platform for GIS integrated space-scale data model.@en

A country profile based on LADM has been conceptualised in the last few years as part of joint research efforts between the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (JUPEM) and Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). The LADM conceptual model covers various aspects of spatial data components available in the mapping agency (JUPEM), including data from Land Office e.g. land registration. The Malaysian LADM country profile covers various classes of spatial unit including strata objects classes such as MY_Building, MY_ParcelUnit, MY_AccessoryUnit, MY_CommonPropertyUnit, MY_LimitedCommonPropertyUnit and MY_LandParcel. This paper discusses one experiment of converting the available building strata schema into LADM model, specifically MY_SpatialUnit for 2D and 3D. The existing building strata schema was developed based on XML syntax. The entire workflow of the experiment will be demonstrated where conversion of file with strata XML data collected from the field into the database with LADM data model, and then 3D visualization. We also plan to investigate the potentials of implementing topological connections in the conversion. It is anticipated that the developed conversion and integration modules could serve as an initial research towards a bigger scope of work for nearfuture LADM compliance model for the mapping agency and other stakeholders. Converting@en