Unlike traditional blur filters, the bilateral filter exhibits non-linear blur behaviour as its kernel size increases. This atypical blur behaviour makes it challenging to find a good σr . This paper investigates the underlying reasons for this behaviour and proposes methods to align the bilateral filter’s blur scaling linearly with its spatial filter size. Using local frequency analyses to quantify blur levels, we introduce an approach that finds the best σr through iterative search. Results demonstrate that the pro- posed method effectively counters the atypical blur behaviour. However, the proposed method does not perform sufficiently when handling very large kernel sizes. The proposed method can be used to abstract away the σr parameter when seeking linear blur behaviour in the bilateral filter. Further re- search is needed to make it functional for very large kernel sizes.

Rankings play a crucial role in various contexts but often exhibit incompleteness, top-weightedness, and indefiniteness. Comparing rankings can reveal underlying similarities, yet traditional correlation coefficients like Kendall's tau do not adequately address these complexities. Rank-Biased Overlap (RBO) addresses these challenges by accommodating differences in rank length, appropriately weighting ranks, and minimizing data assumptions. This paper investigates the average Rank-Biased Overlap (RBO) between independent rankings, addressing the need for clearly indicated reference values similar to those of correlation coefficients. Our study explores how the expected RBO changes with varying p-parameters, prefix lengths, and degrees of conjointness between domains.
To facilitate this analysis, an algorithm is developed that performs extensive simulations across different values of p, list and domain sizes. By analyzing the simulation results, trends are provided in the average RBO between independent rankings based on these varying parameters and establish relevant reference values. This study focuses on scenarios where prefixes are of the same length and there are no ties in the rankings.

Traditional bilateral filters, effective in 2D image processing, often fail to account for the 3D structure of meshes, leading to artifacts in texture filtering. This thesis introduces On-Mesh Bilateral Filtering, a novel method that adapts the bilateral filter to work with non-contiguous texture mappings by incorporating 3D spatial distances and face adjacency information into the filtering process. The On-Mesh Bilateral Filter combines mesh surface sampling techniques with heat geodesic distance calculations to create a geometry-aware kernel that achieves more accurate and context-sensitive smoothing operations, respecting both the mesh topology and texture space properties. This paper hopes to encourage further research in the area of geometry-aware texture filters.

Reducing the similarity of two ranked lists to a single value proves to be useful in various fields of research and industry, such as Information Retrieval and Recommender Systems, leading to the introduction of several similarity measures. One such measure is Rank-Biased Overlap and its variants, possessing qualities such as the ability to handle incomplete rankings, non-conjoint ranking domains and the graceful evaluation of ranking pairs with tied items.
Comparing the performance of similarity measures, or comparing variants of a single measure, requires the presence of ranking data. In certain cases, generating synthetic ranking data may be a more viable option than using real data. However, a review of existing literature reveals a lack of parametrisable synthetic ranking algorithms. This paper introduces a novel method to generate a pair of rankings where one can tailor the conjointness of ranking domains, influence the ranking overlap as a function of depth and tune the presence of tie groups in a probabilistic manner. The paper demonstrates the output of the algorithm when varying the input parameters, verifying the methods performance empirically and statistically.

Ray tracing has experienced increasing adoption in various spaces of computer graphics. The ReSTIR (Reservoir-based Spatiotemporal Importance Resampling) family of techniques has enabled several orders of magnitude speedups in light transport simulation algorithms which rely on ray tracing.

We introduce an extension to WRS (Weighted Reservoir Sampling), a key component of ReSTIR, to reduce the occurrence of duplicate samples in multi-sample reservoirs. Further, we show how samples from multiple reservoirs can be combined in an MIS-style estimator as opposed to resampling from them. Lastly, we combine these two components to compute optimal weights for this estimator in a similar vein to OMIS (Optimal Multiple Importance Sampling).

Our direct lighting proof of concept implementation demonstrates the efficacy of our WRS extension, lowering the variance of ReSTIR, particularly with difficult lighting arrangements. Further, our MIS-style estimator shows a significant improvement compared to ReSTIR. In problem domains where resampling produces a function value for integration, such as path tracing, this comes at no additional cost. Lastly however, optimal weights do not appear to be beneficial for our approach.

Ray tracing has experienced increasing adoption in various spaces of computer graphics. The ReSTIR (Reservoir-based Spatiotemporal Importance Resampling) family of techniques has enabled several orders of magnitude speedups in light transport simulation algorithms which rely on ray tracing.

We introduce an extension to WRS (Weighted Reservoir Sampling), a key component of ReSTIR, to reduce the occurrence of duplicate samples in multi-sample reservoirs. Further, we show how samples from multiple reservoirs can be combined in an MIS-style estimator as opposed to resampling from them. Lastly, we combine these two components to compute optimal weights for this estimator in a similar vein to OMIS (Optimal Multiple Importance Sampling).

Our direct lighting proof of concept implementation demonstrates the efficacy of our WRS extension, lowering the variance of ReSTIR, particularly with difficult lighting arrangements. Further, our MIS-style estimator shows a significant improvement compared to ReSTIR. In problem domains where resampling produces a function value for integration, such as path tracing, this comes at no additional cost. Lastly however, optimal weights do not appear to be beneficial for our approach.

Ray tracing has experienced increasing adoption in various spaces of computer graphics. The ReSTIR (Reservoir-based Spatiotemporal Importance Resampling) family of techniques has enabled several orders of magnitude speedups in light transport simulation algorithms which rely on ray tracing.

We introduce an extension to WRS (Weighted Reservoir Sampling), a key component of ReSTIR, to reduce the occurrence of duplicate samples in multi-sample reservoirs. Further, we show how samples from multiple reservoirs can be combined in an MIS-style estimator as opposed to resampling from them. Lastly, we combine these two components to compute optimal weights for this estimator in a similar vein to OMIS (Optimal Multiple Importance Sampling).

Our direct lighting proof of concept implementation demonstrates the efficacy of our WRS extension, lowering the variance of ReSTIR, particularly with difficult lighting arrangements. Further, our MIS-style estimator shows a significant improvement compared to ReSTIR. In problem domains where resampling produces a function value for integration, such as path tracing, this comes at no additional cost. Lastly however, optimal weights do not appear to be beneficial for our approach.

Ray tracing has experienced increasing adoption in various spaces of computer graphics. The ReSTIR (Reservoir-based Spatiotemporal Importance Resampling) family of techniques has enabled several orders of magnitude speedups in light transport simulation algorithms which rely on ray tracing.

We introduce an extension to WRS (Weighted Reservoir Sampling), a key component of ReSTIR, to reduce the occurrence of duplicate samples in multi-sample reservoirs. Further, we show how samples from multiple reservoirs can be combined in an MIS-style estimator as opposed to resampling from them. Lastly, we combine these two components to compute optimal weights for this estimator in a similar vein to OMIS (Optimal Multiple Importance Sampling).

Our direct lighting proof of concept implementation demonstrates the efficacy of our WRS extension, lowering the variance of ReSTIR, particularly with difficult lighting arrangements. Further, our MIS-style estimator shows a significant improvement compared to ReSTIR. In problem domains where resampling produces a function value for integration, such as path tracing, this comes at no additional cost. Lastly however, optimal weights do not appear to be beneficial for our approach.

Rankings are more present in our daily lives than most people realize. Whether you are browsing Netflix and getting movies or shows based on your previous likes or dislikes, or you want to compare search engine results. To use rankings in the field of Computer Science a rank similarity is needed. Rank-Biased Overlap is one of those. It is top-weighted, can be used on uneven rankings, and when only a part of the ranking is known. A well-known problem in rank similarity measures is ties. There have been some ways of dealing with ties proposed since RBO was introduced. These ways have been shown to be promising but they only relate to the seen part. The unseen part of rankings is still a new concept with little research done about it. This paper aims to change that a bit. First, a full explanation is given of the three variations of dealing with ties. Then using these variants we show how the assumption that no ties exist in the unseen part affects these variants. Also, the current extrapolation method is researched as there is also a big influence of the above-mentioned assumption. We then use simulated data to give a clear data visualization to show how the theory relates to practice. We have tried to be clear and concise with our explanations and data visualizations so future researchers can use this paper to improve and progress RBO in the world of rank similarity measures.

Rankings are more present in our daily lives than most people realize. Whether you are browsing Netflix and getting movies or shows based on your previous likes or dislikes, or you want to compare search engine results. To use rankings in the field of Computer Science a rank similarity is needed. Rank-Biased Overlap is one of those. It is top-weighted, can be used on uneven rankings, and when only a part of the ranking is known. A well-known problem in rank similarity measures is ties. There have been some ways of dealing with ties proposed since RBO was introduced. These ways have been shown to be promising but they only relate to the seen part. The unseen part of rankings is still a new concept with little research done about it. This paper aims to change that a bit. First, a full explanation is given of the three variations of dealing with ties. Then using these variants we show how the assumption that no ties exist in the unseen part affects these variants. Also, the current extrapolation method is researched as there is also a big influence of the above-mentioned assumption. We then use simulated data to give a clear data visualization to show how the theory relates to practice. We have tried to be clear and concise with our explanations and data visualizations so future researchers can use this paper to improve and progress RBO in the world of rank similarity measures.

Rankings are more present in our daily lives than most people realize. Whether you are browsing Netflix and getting movies or shows based on your previous likes or dislikes, or you want to compare search engine results. To use rankings in the field of Computer Science a rank similarity is needed. Rank-Biased Overlap is one of those. It is top-weighted, can be used on uneven rankings, and when only a part of the ranking is known. A well-known problem in rank similarity measures is ties. There have been some ways of dealing with ties proposed since RBO was introduced. These ways have been shown to be promising but they only relate to the seen part. The unseen part of rankings is still a new concept with little research done about it. This paper aims to change that a bit. First, a full explanation is given of the three variations of dealing with ties. Then using these variants we show how the assumption that no ties exist in the unseen part affects these variants. Also, the current extrapolation method is researched as there is also a big influence of the above-mentioned assumption. We then use simulated data to give a clear data visualization to show how the theory relates to practice. We have tried to be clear and concise with our explanations and data visualizations so future researchers can use this paper to improve and progress RBO in the world of rank similarity measures.

Rankings are more present in our daily lives than most people realize. Whether you are browsing Netflix and getting movies or shows based on your previous likes or dislikes, or you want to compare search engine results. To use rankings in the field of Computer Science a rank similarity is needed. Rank-Biased Overlap is one of those. It is top-weighted, can be used on uneven rankings, and when only a part of the ranking is known. A well-known problem in rank similarity measures is ties. There have been some ways of dealing with ties proposed since RBO was introduced. These ways have been shown to be promising but they only relate to the seen part. The unseen part of rankings is still a new concept with little research done about it. This paper aims to change that a bit. First, a full explanation is given of the three variations of dealing with ties. Then using these variants we show how the assumption that no ties exist in the unseen part affects these variants. Also, the current extrapolation method is researched as there is also a big influence of the above-mentioned assumption. We then use simulated data to give a clear data visualization to show how the theory relates to practice. We have tried to be clear and concise with our explanations and data visualizations so future researchers can use this paper to improve and progress RBO in the world of rank similarity measures.

The bilateral filter is a popular filter in image processing and computer vision. This comes from the fact that it is able to blur images while keeping the structure intact. However, the bilateral filter allows for blurring to happen across edges. This can result in halo-like effects around the edges of structures if both sides are made up of different intensities. In this paper, we propose an extension to the bilateral filter that reduces this phenomenon of blurring across edges. By giving the filter knowledge of the edges beforehand, it is possible to prevent the filter from blurring past them. When we filter a pixel, its surrounding area within the kernel is checked for edges. If a pixel within this area lies on or beyond an edge, its weight for blurring is reduced. As a consequence, pixels that lie past an edge have less influence on blurring. We show that this new edge-aware bilateral filter reduces across-edge blurring compared to the standard bilateral filter. Furthermore, when we allow a bigger range of intensities to mix, the new filter is also able to prevent the filtered image from appearing washed out, unlike the bilateral filter.

The bilateral filter is a popular filter in image processing and computer vision. This comes from the fact that it is able to blur images while keeping the structure intact. However, the bilateral filter allows for blurring to happen across edges. This can result in halo-like effects around the edges of structures if both sides are made up of different intensities. In this paper, we propose an extension to the bilateral filter that reduces this phenomenon of blurring across edges. By giving the filter knowledge of the edges beforehand, it is possible to prevent the filter from blurring past them. When we filter a pixel, its surrounding area within the kernel is checked for edges. If a pixel within this area lies on or beyond an edge, its weight for blurring is reduced. As a consequence, pixels that lie past an edge have less influence on blurring. We show that this new edge-aware bilateral filter reduces across-edge blurring compared to the standard bilateral filter. Furthermore, when we allow a bigger range of intensities to mix, the new filter is also able to prevent the filtered image from appearing washed out, unlike the bilateral filter.

The bilateral filter is a popular filter in image processing and computer vision. This comes from the fact that it is able to blur images while keeping the structure intact. However, the bilateral filter allows for blurring to happen across edges. This can result in halo-like effects around the edges of structures if both sides are made up of different intensities. In this paper, we propose an extension to the bilateral filter that reduces this phenomenon of blurring across edges. By giving the filter knowledge of the edges beforehand, it is possible to prevent the filter from blurring past them. When we filter a pixel, its surrounding area within the kernel is checked for edges. If a pixel within this area lies on or beyond an edge, its weight for blurring is reduced. As a consequence, pixels that lie past an edge have less influence on blurring. We show that this new edge-aware bilateral filter reduces across-edge blurring compared to the standard bilateral filter. Furthermore, when we allow a bigger range of intensities to mix, the new filter is also able to prevent the filtered image from appearing washed out, unlike the bilateral filter.

Large Language Models (LLM) have brought significant performance increase on many Natural Language Processing tasks. However LLMs have not been tested for meeting summarization. This research paper examines the effectiveness of the gpt-3.5-turbo model on the meeting summarization domain. However due to input length limitations, it cannot be applied directly to this task. Thus the paper investigates two segmentation methods: a simple context-length window approach and topic segmentation using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The context-length window approach's performance is close to the Pointer Generator framework. The topic segmentation gives worse results. Overall gpt-3.5-turbo performs worse with both approaches than state-of-the-art models which use a transformer architecture adapted for long documents.

Meetings are the keystone of a good company. They allow for quick decision making, multiple-perspective problem solving and effective communication. However, most employees and managers have a negative view on the efficiency and quality of their meetings. High quality meetings where every participant feels equally heard and respected is crucial for having positive meeting sentiment within a company. One of the most influential aspects of meetings are speech overlaps. Overlaps range from short utterances such as backchannels, to follow up questions and clarifications, to complete interruptions. In non-competitive cases, the overlapped speaker feels that the other participants are listening and actively engaging with them during the meeting. In competitive cases, the overlapped speaker can feel interrupted and unimportant. Therefore, competitive overlaps often have a negative impact on the course of the discussion and the overlappee's meeting sentiment. In problematic cases, these overlaps should be reduced to a minimum. In order to do this, overlaps must be classified as either competitive or non-competitive. This paper proposes a novel approach to overlap classification, namely that of text-based classification through Large Language Models. Four different prompt designs are used and tested on the two best performing and publicly available models, GPT-3.5-turbo and GPT-4. The results show that the in-context learning approach using the GPT-4 model results in the most accurate classifications. When comparing the results to previous work, it is observed that the text-based GPT-4 model matches carefully engineered neural networks that even adopt a multi-modular approach.

This paper presents a novel approach to detect agreement and disagreement moments between participants in meeting transcripts without relying on labeled data. We propose a model in which disagreement detection is defined as the process of first identifying argumentative theses relevant to a given corpus of text and then classifying all phrases in the text as being either in favor of, against or expressing no opinion on a given thesis. To identify relevant theses, we compare the performance of a latent Dirichlet allocation-based topic model against that of a diverse set of large language models. To classify the stance of a phrase with respect to a thesis, only large language models are used. We find that, while state-of-the-art large language models do not outperform topic modeling-based approaches in extracting semantically relevant content, they are capable of presenting such content in a more concise and grammatically correct manner. We also find that state-of-the-art large language models are not capable of accurately performing stance classification as described above.

The phenomenon of one element moving and progressively overlaying another is common in nature, such as waves swashing and backwashing, or eyelids moving over eyeballs while blinking. Folding Texture, which was proposed by Thorben, can simulate this texture “folding” visual effect in real-time without changing geometry.
However, to date, no tool has been developed to assist in the design and synthesis of folding textures. Applications of the technique so far are achieved through manual creation of the folding texture, which is a tedious process.
This thesis explores the problem of folding-texture design and synthesis. A novel approach is proposed for animating still images based on the folding texture technique. The approach uses a semi-automatic, user-assisted method that combines texture editing, motion profile specification, and folding texture synthesis into one seamless process, reducing the need for extensive manual work. It enables novice users to utilize the technique with a fair level of prior knowledge of folding texture.

In April 2020, a Dutch research team swiftly analyzed public opinions on COVID-19 lockdown relaxations. However, due to time constraints, only a small amount of opinion data could be processed. With the surge of popularity in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and the arrival of tools like ChatGPT, a number of tasks involving Large Language Models (LLMs) have become easier. This study aims to address the effectiveness of these LLMs on stance detection using this COVID-19 opinion corpus. The corpus is chunked and sampled to be used as input for OpenAI's GPT-3.5-Turbo LLM. The machine-generated stances are then evaluated against multiple binary classification metrics. It is shown that these models perform very well in the field of stance detection, with an average F-score of 0.895. However, a significant number of misclassifications are observed in one dataset. Therefore we conclude that while LLMs offer valuable guidelines, it is still crucial to verify their outputs when dealing with complex or important public matters.