We perform a systematic review of real-time control strategies for transfer synchronisations in public transport. In particular, we review inter-station and intra-station control measures that can be applied in near real-time, including vehicle holding, stop-skipping, speed control, short-turning, rescheduling, interlining, rerouting, and boarding limits. The topic of public transfer synchronisation at the operational phase is both a technically challenging and timely topic. It is technically challenging because finding optimal control measures is a computationally intensive problem and these measures should be computed in near real-time. It is also timely because of the emerging developments in shared mobility, Mobility-as-a-Service schemes, on-demand public transport, and vehicle automation that pose new opportunities as well as challenges in designing seamless passenger transfers. In our systematic review, we analyse the modelling approaches for real-time transfer synchronisation, including mathematical programmes, heuristics, rule-based approaches, and stochastic optimisation models. We then critically discuss the available literature and provide a future outlook, outlining six research directions.

As a result of rapid industrialisation in China, rural-urban migrant workers are increasingly susceptible to occupational diseases. Based on the concept of risk society, the occupational disease represents a distinctive industrial risk for migrant workers. However, this issue has been little explored from a sociological perspective, and this article aims to fill this gap by exploring migrant workers responses to occupational disease compensation. Despite the various laws on occupational diseases, migrant workers are generally unable to receive legal compensation. Instead, they have to negotiate with employers informally for private compensation. In addition to suffering physically from occupational diseases, the poor enforcement of public laws creates new social risks for workers, that is, the disadvantaged encounter unjust treatment, judicial injustice and social exclusion because their de jure entitlement is deprived. As a consequence, the laws aimed at protecting workers against accidents and occupational illnesses fail to reduce the power imbalance between employers and employees.