When a PtP link is expanded into a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) system by interconnecting an additional offshore wind farm (OWF) converter, the existing operation strategy changes. The OWF power production should be considered as a determining factor to operate the system. In this paper, a new power capability curve for the existing converters is proposed. This new power capability curve is formulated as a function of OWF power production. Furthermore, different converter control strategies are also described and compared. It has been found that a multi-slope droop control strategy is the most suitable strategy for the 3-terminal HVDC system with an OWF converter.@en

Prokaryotes use primed CRISPR adaptation to update their memory bank of spacers against invading genetic elements that have escaped CRISPR interference through mutations in their protospacer target site. We previously observed a trend that nucleotide-dependent mismatches between crRNA and the protospacer strongly influence the efficiency of primed CRISPR adaptation. Here we show that guanine-substitutions in the target strand of the protospacer are highly detrimental to CRISPR interference and interference-dependent priming, while cytosine-substitutions are more readily tolerated. Furthermore, we show that this effect is based on strongly decreased binding affinity of the effector complex Cascade for guanine-mismatched targets, while cytosine-mismatched targets only minimally affect target DNA binding. Structural modeling of Cascade-bound targets with mismatches shows that steric clashes of mismatched guanines lead to unfavorable conformations of the RNA-DNA duplex. This effect has strong implications for the natural selection of target site mutations that lead to effective escape from type I CRISPR-Cas systems.@en