Building construction accounts for roughly 36% of global energy consumption and emits about 39% of CO2 from energy use [9]. Consequently, there is a growing push to adopt sustainable construction methods and utilize materials with low embodied energy [10]. As buildings stand as major contributors to CO2 emissions, the focus is shifting towards timber as a building material choice. Timber is renewable, stores carbon, and boasts low embodied carbon from production [11]. However, while high-rise timber frames represent a significant step in integrating timber at a larger scale, their connections often rely on steel, contributing to increased embodied carbon.
This thesis explores the resurgence of interest in wood-to-wood connections as a response to sustainability imperatives in modern construction. It examines the historical significance of timber joinery, the current state of sustainable construction, and the potential of engineered timber products in reducing carbon emissions. Furthermore, the thesis investigates modern innovations in timber connections, focusing on the development of ductile and eco-friendly alternatives to steel fasteners. Through theoretical frameworks, experimental studies, and structural validations, this research aims to understand the impact of implementing timber dry joints on the embodied carbon of high-rise timber building frames. Results reveal that while timber dry joints offer potential in reducing embodied carbon, their effectiveness varies. While they can reduce the need for steel fasteners, their impact on lowering embodied carbon is limited. Conversely, the integration of continuous beams and multiple-span floor systems proves to significantly reduce embodied carbon in timber building frames.
Overall, the findings underscore the importance of holistic approaches in optimizing timber building frames for sustainability, highlighting the potential of innovative design strategies in achieving carbon reduction goals.