Whilst extant literature on Open Government Data (OGD) focuses upon value creation and innovation, there is scant emphasis upon the Value Co-Creation (VCC) that might result with the engagement of the public sector agencies and the users at large. The present study seeks to appreciate the barriers towards OGD VCC by adopting a qualitative research methodology wherein interviews are being conducted with key personnel manning the OGD initiatives in Brazil. Impediments veering around VCC may be counted the internal, social and cultural and data factors. Findings from the present study lend credence to the fact that a systematic strategizing is important for the success of OGD VCC lest Value Co-Destruction (VCD) happen. From a developing country's perspective, the present study acts as a sounding-board for bearing in mind the caveats deduced vis-a-via the success of the VCC processes.@en

The opening of data has been credited for improving transparency and for providing a window on government functioning. Although this relationship is intuitively apparent, it is in fact complex and the mere opening of data might not actually yield transparency. In this paper, a comprehensive model of determinants that enable or impede transparency enabled by open government data and the expected effects have been derived by surveying public administration and information systems literature. Public administration literature tends to be focused on factors such as participation and trust, whereas information systems literature focuses on factors such as user interface, user experience, and data quality. Digital government literature attempts to bridge these elements. The Window Theory is introduced, in order to unify existing models by integrating a broad range of factors within a single model. The Window Theory can be used to develop context-dependent models that are both comprehensive and parsimonious.

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Dashboards visualize a consolidated set data for a certain purpose which enables users to see what is happening and to initiate actions. Dashboards can be used by governments to support their decision-making and policy processes or to communicate and interact with the public. The objective of this paper is to understand and to support the design of dashboards for creating transparency and accountability. Two smart city cases are investigated showing that dashboards can improve transparency and accountability, however, realizing these benefits was cumbersome and encountered various risks and challenges. Challenges include insufficient data quality, lack of understanding of data, poor analysis, wrong interpretation, confusion about the outcomes, and imposing a pre-defined view. These challenges can easily result in misconceptions, wrong decision-making, creating a blurred picture resulting in less transparency and accountability, and ultimately in even less trust in the government. Principles guiding the design of dashboards are presented. Dashboards need to be complemented by mechanisms supporting citizens' engagement, data interpretation, governance and institutional arrangements.

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In this report evaluation methods and measures for the OpenGovIntelligence (OGI) project are presented. The evaluation of OGI innovation ecosystem on public administration is based on four main areas that will be evaluated: 1. Co-Creation Framework. How will this framework enable co-creation? 2. OGI ICT Toolkit (Building blocks and Cubes Design). Are the building blocks suitable for providing the functionality needed? How does the OGI ICT toolkit serve its purpose support application development? 3. Acceptance of OGI Toolkit. Will the users accept and work with the developed applications? 4. Outcomes: what is the result of these use of the applications on elements like administrative burden and transparency? @en

Governments are often putting their efforts in the operation and execution of existing services without having the means to innovate. Ambidexterity is the ability to operate existing services and to innovate at the same time Ambidexterity is a concept originating from organizational studies in the private sector and is hardly used in the public sector. The goal of this paper is to identify strategies used by governments to combine exploitation and exploration. Factors influencing ambidexterity were derived from the literature and categorized in political, organizational, technological and economical categories. These factors were used to analyze two case studies. The cases revealed strategies used by government to move from exploitation to exploration. Strategies include providing incentives, like awards and prizes, to involve resources that are external to the government. The strategies can be classified as contextual ambidexterity.@en

There are large varieties of governmental organizations using clouds in different ways. The purpose of this article is to explore and classify the types of public organizations using cloud computing. This will help to improve our understanding of cloud adoption and use by governments. For this, a systematic review of literature on cloud government (CloudGov) was performed by searching for articles in several databases. The review resulted into the main elements of the framework for classifying cloud use. In addition, using diffusion of innovation and institutional theory a categorization of public organizations was made. When applying the CloudGov framework empirically in government organizations, we identified three types of organizations: Leaders, Followers and Laggers. The types differ in various ways including their technology expertise, attitude towards innovation and level of political support. In further research, we recommend investigating which drivers influence the type of CloudGov users and generalize the framework to other contexts.@en

Open Government Data (OGD) is a stream in which raw data is published for manipulation by others. This chapter presents the State of Art of OGD in Brazilian National, State and Municipal governments, describing benefits that OGD have been promoted on governments and society such as transparency promotion, social control and citizen participation. In addition, strategies used by governments are outlined aimed at boosting usage and the creation of chain value of OGD usage. Exploratory research is conducted by investing websites in accordance with the eight principles of OGD and the five stars of open linked data. Brazilian initiatives adopt almost all the principles of OGD and are in the third stage of a completely open linked data (three stars). Further, the strategy used by governments is the usage of citizen’s participation on contests and hackathons improving usage of OGD available by governments and created several applications for social control, transparency and better provision of public policies (transport, health, education, etc.). This work also adds an element inexistent on the literature known: strategies of dissemination and incentive of open data usage. The results indicate the existence of virtuous cycle of information when using public policy of open data is aligned with the implementation of the collection, analysis and opening data for several branches of city hall, and even that little data, but organized, can offer the possibility of citizen conduct social control, suggest improvements of the public service through studies and applications connected to processes performed by the city and local economic development.@en

Although various scholars have researched issues regarding transparency of public policies websites, few have studied transparency made by civil society for citizens that want to do social control of governments. The need for transparency is caused by the information asymmetry between the public and the government. Furthermore there is no model explaining which factors influencing transparency. Using literature an initial model is created of factors influencing transparency of websites. Each one of those dimensions are detailed using one or more propositions derived from literature review. Factors found include interpretation, accessibility, data quality, usage whereas as facilitating conditions experience, age, gender and education where found. The model will be validated in subsequent research.@en

Most cities have limited resources to become a smart city. Yet some cities have been more successful than others in becoming a smart city. This raises the questions why were some cities able to become smart, whereas other were not able to do so? This research is aimed at identifying factors influencing the shift towards becoming a smart city. In this way insight is gained into factors that governments can influence to become a smart city. First, Literature was reviewed to identify dimensions and factors enabling or impeding the process of becoming a smart city. These factors were used to compare two similar type of case studies. The cases took different paths to become a smart city and had different levels of success. This enabled us to identify factors influencing the move towards smart cities. The results reveal that existing infrastructures should be used and extended in such a way that they can facilitate a variety of different applications. Synergy from legacy systems can avoid extra expenditures. Having such an infrastructure in place facilitates the development of new organizational models. These models are developed outside the existing organization structure to avoid hinder from existing practices and organizational structures. This finding suggests that smart cities focussed on structural ambidexterity innovate quicker. How to Become a Smart City?: Balancing Ambidexterity in Smart Cities. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/317202634_How_to_Become_a_Smart_City_Balancing_Ambidexterity_in_Smart_Cities [accessed Sep 27, 2017].@en