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Open data holds the potential for public understanding of social issues. In recent years, open data hackathons have emerged as an approach to address social issues with open data. However, hackathons focus on technical solutions and are only suitable for involving an expert audience. There is a need for an approach enabling non-experts to participate to collectively explore social issues with open data. In this research, we developed a game jam approach for beginners. The participants collectively design a video game, and in doing so they articulate social issues. To evaluate the approach, we conducted a series of three game jams, and tested them through non-participant observation, pre and posttest surveys, and analysis of the games produced by participants. We found that the use of available open datasets was limited. Participants were able to produce minimal but functional game prototypes in which the social issues were present. Participants found it difficult to set up collaborative work around the game engine, which limited social learning.
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Open data holds the potential for public understanding of social issues. In recent years, open data hackathons have emerged as an approach to address social issues with open data. However, hackathons focus on technical solutions and are only suitable for involving an expert audience. There is a need for an approach enabling non-experts to participate to collectively explore social issues with open data. In this research, we developed a game jam approach for beginners. The participants collectively design a video game, and in doing so they articulate social issues. To evaluate the approach, we conducted a series of three game jams, and tested them through non-participant observation, pre and posttest surveys, and analysis of the games produced by participants. We found that the use of available open datasets was limited. Participants were able to produce minimal but functional game prototypes in which the social issues were present. Participants found it difficult to set up collaborative work around the game engine, which limited social learning.
As the development of quantum computers advances, actors relying on public key infrastructures (PKI) for secure information exchange are becoming aware of the disruptive implications. Currently, governments and businesses employ PKI for many core processes that may become insecure or unavailable when quantum computers break the cryptographic algorithms foundational to PKI. While standardization institutes are currently testing quantum safe cryptographic algorithms, there are no globally agreed-upon cryptographic solutions available. Actors looking to prepare for the implementation of quantum safe cryptographic algorithms lack methods that allow for collective planning and action across organizations, sectors, and nations. The goal of this policy paper is to elicit requirements for a serious game on QS PKI, and derive policy guidelines that actors can use to prepare and formulate governance arrangements. We followed a two-step approach, drawing on technology threat avoidance theory and collective action theory, followed by empirical grounding through a focus group. The results from the literature confirm that a serious game could be a suitable governance mechanism for QS PKI. The focus group results discussed 12 requirements and the requirement's relation to the theoretical background. From this, the findings section arrived at four policy guidelines derived from the requirements that can function as focus areas for further requirement development and as input for policy makers. The policy guidelines concluded are (1) prioritize increasing collective awareness through emphasizing social networks, (2) acknowledge the interdependencies in migrating towards QS PKI, (3) create an understanding of the technical standards in the field and their issuers, and (4) being highly realistic with both negative and positive scenarios to center the players' understanding of real-world impact.
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As the development of quantum computers advances, actors relying on public key infrastructures (PKI) for secure information exchange are becoming aware of the disruptive implications. Currently, governments and businesses employ PKI for many core processes that may become insecure or unavailable when quantum computers break the cryptographic algorithms foundational to PKI. While standardization institutes are currently testing quantum safe cryptographic algorithms, there are no globally agreed-upon cryptographic solutions available. Actors looking to prepare for the implementation of quantum safe cryptographic algorithms lack methods that allow for collective planning and action across organizations, sectors, and nations. The goal of this policy paper is to elicit requirements for a serious game on QS PKI, and derive policy guidelines that actors can use to prepare and formulate governance arrangements. We followed a two-step approach, drawing on technology threat avoidance theory and collective action theory, followed by empirical grounding through a focus group. The results from the literature confirm that a serious game could be a suitable governance mechanism for QS PKI. The focus group results discussed 12 requirements and the requirement's relation to the theoretical background. From this, the findings section arrived at four policy guidelines derived from the requirements that can function as focus areas for further requirement development and as input for policy makers. The policy guidelines concluded are (1) prioritize increasing collective awareness through emphasizing social networks, (2) acknowledge the interdependencies in migrating towards QS PKI, (3) create an understanding of the technical standards in the field and their issuers, and (4) being highly realistic with both negative and positive scenarios to center the players' understanding of real-world impact.
