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Thoriq Thoriq Fauzan Ariandi
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) electrolysis is a promising technology for producing carbon-neutral chemical feedstocks. However, further improvements in energy efficiency and system cost are required before large-scale deployment can be realized. Capillary-fed electrolysis (CFE), originally developed for water electrolysis, has revealed lower cell overpotentials by providing relatively bubble-free environments in which gas products can readily leave the cell. This study investigates the implementation of CFE for CO2-to-CO electrolysis and aims to identify the operating principles governing its effective application.
Our CFE cell, employing a porous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and alkaline electrolyte, is successfully demonstrated. Comparison with an AEM-based hybrid-MEA cell confirms that the CFE cell operates at lower cell potential. However, an initial voltage increase not observed in conventional cell architecture is identified. The increase is attributed to CO2 bubbles forming inside the membrane through (bi)carbonate neutralization, which increase the ohmic overpotential by blocking ion transport and the kinetic overpotential by locally increasing the current density through bubble coverage of the cathode active area.
During longer-term operation, water management and electrolyte concentration determine the product selectivity of the CFE cell. The use of a porous membrane in a CFE cell enables control over the water supply unavailable in other architectures, which can be realized through selection of membrane pore size, cell compression, and CO2 feed humidification. A balance between cathode flooding and salt supersaturation is key to achieving optimal water supply. In addition, electrolyte concentration is found to contribute more strongly to salt precipitation than to promoting carbon-product formation. These findings establish key design principles for implementing capillary-fed CO2 electrolysis. Despite the need for further research to enhance stability and product selectivity, the proposed CFE cell has shown potential cost reduction through its simplified system setup and the use of lower-cost membrane materials. ...
Our CFE cell, employing a porous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and alkaline electrolyte, is successfully demonstrated. Comparison with an AEM-based hybrid-MEA cell confirms that the CFE cell operates at lower cell potential. However, an initial voltage increase not observed in conventional cell architecture is identified. The increase is attributed to CO2 bubbles forming inside the membrane through (bi)carbonate neutralization, which increase the ohmic overpotential by blocking ion transport and the kinetic overpotential by locally increasing the current density through bubble coverage of the cathode active area.
During longer-term operation, water management and electrolyte concentration determine the product selectivity of the CFE cell. The use of a porous membrane in a CFE cell enables control over the water supply unavailable in other architectures, which can be realized through selection of membrane pore size, cell compression, and CO2 feed humidification. A balance between cathode flooding and salt supersaturation is key to achieving optimal water supply. In addition, electrolyte concentration is found to contribute more strongly to salt precipitation than to promoting carbon-product formation. These findings establish key design principles for implementing capillary-fed CO2 electrolysis. Despite the need for further research to enhance stability and product selectivity, the proposed CFE cell has shown potential cost reduction through its simplified system setup and the use of lower-cost membrane materials. ...
Carbon dioxide (CO2) electrolysis is a promising technology for producing carbon-neutral chemical feedstocks. However, further improvements in energy efficiency and system cost are required before large-scale deployment can be realized. Capillary-fed electrolysis (CFE), originally developed for water electrolysis, has revealed lower cell overpotentials by providing relatively bubble-free environments in which gas products can readily leave the cell. This study investigates the implementation of CFE for CO2-to-CO electrolysis and aims to identify the operating principles governing its effective application.
Our CFE cell, employing a porous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and alkaline electrolyte, is successfully demonstrated. Comparison with an AEM-based hybrid-MEA cell confirms that the CFE cell operates at lower cell potential. However, an initial voltage increase not observed in conventional cell architecture is identified. The increase is attributed to CO2 bubbles forming inside the membrane through (bi)carbonate neutralization, which increase the ohmic overpotential by blocking ion transport and the kinetic overpotential by locally increasing the current density through bubble coverage of the cathode active area.
During longer-term operation, water management and electrolyte concentration determine the product selectivity of the CFE cell. The use of a porous membrane in a CFE cell enables control over the water supply unavailable in other architectures, which can be realized through selection of membrane pore size, cell compression, and CO2 feed humidification. A balance between cathode flooding and salt supersaturation is key to achieving optimal water supply. In addition, electrolyte concentration is found to contribute more strongly to salt precipitation than to promoting carbon-product formation. These findings establish key design principles for implementing capillary-fed CO2 electrolysis. Despite the need for further research to enhance stability and product selectivity, the proposed CFE cell has shown potential cost reduction through its simplified system setup and the use of lower-cost membrane materials.
Our CFE cell, employing a porous polyethersulfone (PES) membrane and alkaline electrolyte, is successfully demonstrated. Comparison with an AEM-based hybrid-MEA cell confirms that the CFE cell operates at lower cell potential. However, an initial voltage increase not observed in conventional cell architecture is identified. The increase is attributed to CO2 bubbles forming inside the membrane through (bi)carbonate neutralization, which increase the ohmic overpotential by blocking ion transport and the kinetic overpotential by locally increasing the current density through bubble coverage of the cathode active area.
During longer-term operation, water management and electrolyte concentration determine the product selectivity of the CFE cell. The use of a porous membrane in a CFE cell enables control over the water supply unavailable in other architectures, which can be realized through selection of membrane pore size, cell compression, and CO2 feed humidification. A balance between cathode flooding and salt supersaturation is key to achieving optimal water supply. In addition, electrolyte concentration is found to contribute more strongly to salt precipitation than to promoting carbon-product formation. These findings establish key design principles for implementing capillary-fed CO2 electrolysis. Despite the need for further research to enhance stability and product selectivity, the proposed CFE cell has shown potential cost reduction through its simplified system setup and the use of lower-cost membrane materials.