As of the beginning of 2017, more than four years after opening, Zaatari refugee camp in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan hosts around 80,000 Syrian refugees. Zaatari is one of the largest refugee camps in the world, in one of the most water scarce countries. Since its establishment, drinking water has been trucked to communal facilities. Wastewater has been trucked from these facilities and from self-constructed storages next to households. To improve future sustainability in equitable water and sanitation access, public health conditions, environmental conservation and operational costs, household connected water and sewage networks are implemented. This shift from emergency to sustainable phase benefitted from adaptation of urban infrastructure methods. Maximising such investment requires stakeholder and project management, throughout design and implementation, for quality control of all processes and outputs, asset management and administrative strategies. A shift is necessary from a humanitarian approach toward a structured master planning vision. The planning urban utility perspective is essential for ensuring operational sustainability in the conception of water and sanitation systems in Zaatari refugee camp.

The application of ozone in water treatment serves many purposes, such as disinfection and degradation of organic micro-pollutants. To optimise the applied ozone dosage by on-line control, real-time information on the actual Ct value, the bromate and assimilable organic carbon concentration (AOC) is necessary. With UV/Vis spectroscopy, algorithms have been developed for the on-line determination of the Ct-value and the formation of bromate and AOC during ozonation. It was shown that these algorithms allow for the calculation of the optimal ozone dosage and provide a reliable indication of the amount of bromate and AOC formed during ozonation.