The aims of the study were to investigate high school students' conceptions of learning technology (COLT) in mainland China and the Netherlands, and tried to explain the differences from different educational and social backgrounds. The phenomenographic method was used, interviewing 85 students from both counties. The findings of the research shows that COLT in this study is conceptualized as (1) learning knowledge, (2) learning technology skills, (3) learning technology methods and abilities, (4) using knowledge into practice, (5) doing research, and (6) preparing the exams and getting the credits. There are only a few differences found in the kinds of COLT between Chinese and Dutch students, and reasons behind them are explored.