Interaction of hydrogen with model Cu-Zn methanol synthesis catalyst prepared by decomposition of mixed hydroxicarbonate is studied by inelastic neutron scattering, in situ FTIR/MS, and thermal analysis. Reduced (Cu 0.08,Zn0.92)O mixed oxide accumulates 6H/Cu, mainly as hydride, hydroxyl and formate species. The reduction of copper in the (Cu,Zn)O mixed oxide occurs via a reversible redox interaction with H2 and absorption of protons as OH--groups with ν = 3250 cm-1 and δ ≈ 1430-1480 cm-1. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of this process are evaluated. The weight loss during the reduction is due to the decomposition of the residual carbonate groups to CO2 via formate intermediates, which occurs in the presence of hydrogen. Exposure of (Cu,Zn)O to air prior to the reduction strongly affects the kinetic parameters of the reduction process.@en

Cobalt and aluminum hydroxo compounds with the hydrotalcite-type structure containing nitrate, carbonate, and hydroxyl groups are formed due to the deposition by precipitation of cobalt cations from a nitrate solution on 8- and y-Al 2 O 3 under the conditions of urea hydrolysis. The influence of the method of preparation on the anionic composition of the hydroxo compounds (precursors of the Co-Al catalyst) was studied. A correlation between the anionic composition of the precursor compound and the catalytic properties of the catalysts in the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was established.@en

Two-line ferrihydrite (2L-FH) is a metastable, heavily disordered, partially hydrated Fe(III) oxide. The catalyst prepared by heat treatment of 2L-FH promoted with chromium ions (̃9 at %) and copper ions (4-7 at %) is much more active in the water gas shift (WGS) reaction at low temperatures (<350°C) than the conventional Fe-containing catalysts. According to XAFS spectroscopy data, the copper cations in 2L-FH are in the Cu2+ state and are in a tetragonally distorted octahedral environment, while under the WGS conditions at <350° C, copper is in the reduced state, specifically, in the form of ultrafine (<2 nm) Cu0 particles. It is due to these particles that the catalyst is very active below 350°C. Above 400°C, the Cu0 parti-cles are deactivated under the reaction conditions and the catalytic activity is only due to iron active sites, whose number is proportional to the specific surface area of the catalyst. The specific activity of the catalyst at these temperatures is close to the activity of the conventional (hematite-based) WGS catalysts. The high activity of the 2L-FH-based catalyst at <350°C makes it possible to reduce the starting temperature of the adiabatic high-Temperature WGS reactor.@en

The reduction of copper chromite, CuCr2O4, is followed by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The reduced state is studied by means of FT IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and inelastic neutron scattering. The reduction of copper occurs in two stages: absorption of hydrogen at 250-400 °C and dehydration of the reduced state at above 450 °C. The measured vibrational spectra prove that a considerable amount of hydrogen is absorbed by the oxide structure with absorbed protons stabilized in OH and HOH-groups (geminal protons). Three groups of vibration bands are observed in the INS spectra, which can be assigned to stretching, bending and libration vibrations. An increase in the reduction temperature of copper chromite results in softening of the stretching and hardening of the bending vibrations, what can be related to the strengthening of hydrogen bonding.@en

The chapter reviews the data on the 2-line ferrihydrite structure and texture, methods for its preparation, and catalytic properties of 2LFH-based catalysts. Since 2-line ferrihydrite is metastable, the necessity and possibility of inhibiting its crystallization to hematite is discussed and new data on the kinetics of crystallization process are reported, including the effect of Al3+, Cr3+, and Cu2+ promotion. During discussion, particular attention is paid to the potential of 2LFH in catalytic application.@en