This interdisciplinary project developed a framework for implementing digital twins in European healthcare, focusing on secure, standardized data infrastructures and interoperable European Health Record (EHR) systems. It involved students from aerospace, strategic design, clinical medicine, and mechanical engineering. Analysis between Sweden and the Netherlands revealed Sweden excels in governance and trust, whereas the Netherlands is stronger in technical infrastructure. Overall adoption of digital twins is hindered by data privacy concerns and consent models. The public sector demonstrated the highest readiness, while patient groups showed lower willingness. The outcome includes an interactive dashboard, a readiness index, and an actionable implementation blueprint.

District heating leverages centralised, high efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) systems. It uses waste heat to lower energy consumption and reduce greenhouse emissions. The system also supports renewable energy sources like geothermal and biomass, providing a sustainable heating alternative.

This report examines a nonlinear network of pressure and flow challenges. It focuses on enhancing the Newton-Raphson method and refining direct solving techniques for a single time-step. As net- works grow in complexity, efficient and effective solutions become crucial. Various strategies to speed up the Newton-Raphson algorithm in Gradyent’s heat network solver are discussed, where derivative calculations are straightforward. Both direct and iterative methods to improve the algorithm’s steps are explored. The effectiveness of these enhancements is tested and evaluated across networks of different sizes.sc