JM
Jesper Meijerink
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1
Journal article
(2026)
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Gabriele Dell’Orto, Brecht Daams, Riender Happee, Georgios Papaioannou, Arjo J. Loeve, Jesper Meijerink, Thomas Valk, Jason K. Moore
The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate vibrations with dummies representing infants aged 0, 3, and 9 months lying or sitting in five strollers and two cargo bicycles with dedicated baby seats on six common road surfaces using the ISO standard for whole-body vibration. Strollers induced on average 0.4 ms (Formula presented.) on tarmac and up to 5.0 ms (Formula presented.) on cobblestones at a mean walking speed of 5.3 km h (Formula presented.). Cargo bicycles induced on average 0.6 ms (Formula presented.) on tarmac and up to 10.7 ms (Formula presented.) at 25 km h (Formula presented.) on paver bricks. The standard suggests the highest accelerations for strollers and cargo bicycles are extremely uncomfortable and continuous exposure should be limited to less than 10 min. Vintage strollers have reduced vibrations compared to modern strollers, indicating benefits of compliant suspensions. We recommend that designers systematically consider vibration, users avoid prolonged exposure to surfaces rougher than tarmac, and researchers pursue scientifically founded test procedures and standards for infant vibration.
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The objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate vibrations with dummies representing infants aged 0, 3, and 9 months lying or sitting in five strollers and two cargo bicycles with dedicated baby seats on six common road surfaces using the ISO standard for whole-body vibration. Strollers induced on average 0.4 ms (Formula presented.) on tarmac and up to 5.0 ms (Formula presented.) on cobblestones at a mean walking speed of 5.3 km h (Formula presented.). Cargo bicycles induced on average 0.6 ms (Formula presented.) on tarmac and up to 10.7 ms (Formula presented.) at 25 km h (Formula presented.) on paver bricks. The standard suggests the highest accelerations for strollers and cargo bicycles are extremely uncomfortable and continuous exposure should be limited to less than 10 min. Vintage strollers have reduced vibrations compared to modern strollers, indicating benefits of compliant suspensions. We recommend that designers systematically consider vibration, users avoid prolonged exposure to surfaces rougher than tarmac, and researchers pursue scientifically founded test procedures and standards for infant vibration.