Composite structures, such as the fiberglass reinforced structure studied in this paper, have been normally treated in previous research as homogeneous anisotropic laminated plates regarding the investigation of their mechanical properties. Throughout this paper, this specific structure is considered in a different way in which the fiberglass and polyethylene matrix are treated separately. By using the proposed method, the material plasticity of polyethylene and the fracture stress of the fiberglass can be taken into account, and thus the fracture of the fiberglass inside the fiberglass reinforced flexible pipes(FGRFP) can be predicted. The mechanical behaviour behavior of FGRFP under two real-life main loadings(tension and internal pressure) is investigated by using analytical and numerical methods based on the proposed technique. Experiments are used to verify the results.@en

Fibreglass reinforced flexible pipe (FGRFP) is a kind of composite thermoplastic pipe serving as a preferred application in the field of oil transportation. This paper studies the mechanical behaviour of FGRFPs under pure bending by experimental, numerical and theoretical methods. Full-scale four-point bending tests are conducted and the curvature-bending moment relations of specimens are recorded. In the numerical simulation method (NSM), a detailed finite element model considering both material and geometric nonlinear behaviour is established, and the composite is defined as an orthotropic elastic-plastic material. Based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, a simplified theoretical method (STM) is proposed to predict the ultimate bending moment. In the parametric study, a simple formula is introduced to modify STM to make it more accurate. Good agreements proves the reasonability of the proposed NSM and STM. Additionally, STM could make a contribution to engineers in terms of a concise and relatively accurate way in ultimate status analysis.@en

A numerical model in slice configuration was applied to the Central Andaman Sea in order to derive metocean operational and design criteria associated to internal solitary waves which are large amplitude interfacial waves. For that purpose, a 10 year hindcast was generated. The model was driven by tides at the open boundary and included realistic stratification and topogra-phy. The results have been compared to data mostly taken from satellites and proved to be accurate in determining parameters such as phase speed and interpacket distance. The phase speeds range from 2.21 m/s in March to 2.5 m/s in November. Corresponding interpacket distances range from 99 km to 111 km in close agreement with available data. According to the model results internal solitary waves are more/less frequent in March/August. Model outputs were specifically analyzed at 2 arbi-trary locations. Maximum current speeds obtained with the model at those locations occur in November reaching a value close to 1.5 m/s. The computed velocities associated to return periods of 1, 10, 50, 100 and 1000 years are, respectively, 1.67 m/s, 1.76 m/s, 1.8 m/s, 1.81 m/s and 1.84 m/s.@en

In the quest for stimuli-responsive materials with specific, controllable functions, coacervate hydrogels have become a promising candidate, featuring sensitive responsiveness to environmental signals enabling control over sol-gel transitions. However, conventional coacervation-based materials are regulated by relatively non-specific signals, such as temperature, pH or salt concentration, which limits their possible applications. In this work, we constructed a coacervate hydrogel with a Michael addition-based chemical reaction network (CRN) as a platform, where the state of coacervate materials can be easily tuned by specific chemical signals. We designed a pyridine-based ABA triblock copolymer, whose quaternization can be regulated by an allyl acetate electrophile and an amine nucleophile, leading to gel construction and collapse in the presence of polyanions. Our coacervate gels showed not only highly tunable stiffness and gelation times, but excellent self-healing ability and injectability with different sized needles, and accelerated degradation resulting from chemical signal-induced coacervation disruption. This work is expected to be a first step in the realization of a new class of signal-responsive injectable materials.@en