Top world heritage artifacts act as pedestrian flow attractors in historic urban areas. Despite the growing literature on pedestrian movement in cities, evidence of the relationship between cultural attractors and the spatial characteristics of street spaces between these artifacts is scarce. This contribution applies the theory of natural movement and uses diachronic space syntax and micro-spatial analysis to investigate the reciprocities between street networks and the presence of global heritage attractors in the historic urban area of Rome. The results from the macro-scale spatial analyses show good correlations between the current most popular cultural attractors and the global integration of the street network. The degree of spatial integration of the street network is particularly important at the time of construction of important artifacts, as shown in the diachronic analyses. City growth and urban transformation can affect the central position of these important artifacts. However, in the case of highly attractive artifacts, these continue to perform as movement attractors. The result of a local neighbourhood investigation shows that micro-spatial parameters, such as the spatial relationships between building entrances and streets, may influence the choice of routes between important artifacts. Thus, the flows of people’s movement can be influenced by both micro-spatial street characteristics and spatial configuration.@en

Multimodal hubs connect different modes, allowing people to switch from one mode to another and seamlessly access/egress to/from their origin/destinations. However, there are limited methods to estimate the impact of future measures on the accessibility of multimodal hubs. These future measures could be wide reaching, among others, introduction of different schemes in the planning of the hub or introduction of new modes at multimodal hubs. This study provides interdisciplinary cross-cutting method including transport and urbanism literatures, by using Space Syntax method. This method allows the transport planners to analyse and compare the current situation and the proposed development plan. In this research, we show how changes made in urban spatial configuration can impact the accessibility of intermodal hubs. To learn about the impacts of the spatial configuration of a city on station design, we performed a case study at Delft Campus train station in the Netherlands, which is under construction to become a multimodal hub. Firstly, we analyse the current situation and then the proposed development plan in terms of, integration, choice, accessibility and intelligibility, using segment analyses. Furthermore, the immediate surrounding areas of the station have been analysed by Visual Graphic Analysis to find visual accessibility within the hub. Although the municipality proposed plans claim that the station’s accessibility would be enhanced, our method indicate otherwise and the proposed changes are not highly effective in increasing accessibility. Finally, some design recommendations for multimodal hubs are proposed. This study is a prerequisite for designing the multimodal hubs considering emerging modes.@en