Protocols for securely testing the equality of two encrypted integers are common building blocks for a number of proposals in the literature that aim for privacy preservation. Being used repeatedly in many cryptographic protocols, designing efficient equality testing protocols is important in terms of computation and communication overhead. In this work, we consider a scenario with two parties where party A has two integers encrypted using an additively homomorphic scheme and party B has the decryption key. Party A would like to obtain an encrypted bit that shows whether the integers are equal or not but nothing more. We propose three secure equality testing protocols, which are more efficient in terms of communication, computation or both compared to the existing work. To support our claims, we present experimental results, which show that our protocols achieve up to 99% computation-wise improvement compared to the state-of-the-art protocols in a fair experimental set-up

We consider dynamic group services, where outputs based on small samples of privacy-sensitive user inputs are repetitively computed. The leakage of user input data is analysed, caused by producing multiple outputs, resulting from inputs of frequently changing sets of users. A cryptographic technique, known as random user selection, is investigated. We show the effect of random user selection, given different types of output functions, thereby disproving earlier work. A new security measure is introduced, which provably improves the privacy-preserving effect of random user selection, irrespective of the output function. We show how this new security measure can be implemented in existing cryptographic protocols. To investigate the effectiveness of our security measure, we conducted a couple of statistical simulations with large user populations, which show that it forms a key ingredient, at least for the output function addition. Without it, an adversary is able to determine a user input, with increasing accuracy when more outputs become available. When the security measure is implemented, an adversary remains oblivious of user inputs, even when thousands of outputs are collected. Therefore, our new security measure assures that random user selection is an effective way of protecting the privacy of dynamic group services.

License plate matching plays an important role in applications like law enforcement, traffic management and road pricing, where the plate is first recognized and then compared to a database of authorized vehicle registration plates. Unfortunately, there are several privacy related issues that should be taken care of before deploying plate recognition systems. As a scientific solution to privacy concerns, we propose a simple and accurate character recognition scheme combined with an integer matching scheme that is designed to work with encrypted license plates. Our analysis and experimental results show that the deployment of such a system can be deemed possible.