Airborne Wind Energy (AWE) systems aim to achieve higher efficiency by minimising the power used by the generator to reel the kite back during its depowered phase. The kites designed by SkySails are designed such that the resultant force is lift force dominant. Thus, lift forc
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Airborne Wind Energy (AWE) systems aim to achieve higher efficiency by minimising the power used by the generator to reel the kite back during its depowered phase. The kites designed by SkySails are designed such that the resultant force is lift force dominant. Thus, lift force (rather glide ratio) should be minimised in order to minimise the power used by the generator. However, in such cases, the kite canopy could potentially collapse. In order to understand this, one must study the flow over a ram-air kite in the depowered stage. In this thesis, a workflow was developed using Blender, Fusion 360 and Pointwise to create and mesh the deformed canopy profiles. OpenFOAM was used to simulate unsteady flow over these canopies using a k − ωSST turbulence model for various inflow angles and a parametric study of performance coefficients was done with respect to inflow angle. Values after a one way coupling of OpenFOAM simulations with an in-house Finite-Element Method (FEM) solver, were compared with flight-test data and two-way coupled (panel+FEM) solutions. A Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on the lift coefficient fluctuations showed that the Strouhal number for all inflow angles reached near zero values. Thus, a steady simulation would be more cost effective alternative to calculate the same performance parameters, for the canopy profile used. The parametric study showed that internal and external pressure over the kite canopy is crucial for maintaining the shape of the kite. Design iterations of the kite to perform well in the depowered stage would require solving an optimisation problem by adjusting the twist of the kite such that it minimises glide ratio and maximises the force along the span-wise direction of the kite canopy.