This study presents the development of a multimodal System of Systems (SoS) framework, to assess the impact of top-level aircraft requirements in providing advanced air door-to-door mobility. The field of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) is rapidly evolving, and while current research assesses these vehicles from
both aircraft design and operational perspectives, a system of systems perspective combining both domains is required to find the best overall vehicle design and operational concepts. In this work, aircraft design is assessed by its effectiveness in the operating environment, considering the perspective of the stakeholders of passengers, operators and European policy makers. This is done through combining aircraft design in an agent-based multimodal simulation framework, covering both surface and air transport. Doing so allows us
to analyse the impact of top-level aircraft requirements on door-to-door travel time, AAM mode share and energy consumption per passenger. Using this framework, it was found that the most impactful parameter on AAM utilization is the passenger’s mean value of time. Additionally, several SoS effects could be traced to changes at the agent level, where giving passengers more travel options leads to 16% higher AAM adoption, but at shorter (-8.2 %) average trip distances due to preferences for shorter and cheaper flights. Lastly, the
relevance of considering operations for aircraft design was seen, where the best theoretical design for energy efficiency performed 10% worse than the best design considering operations, as the average mission profile in operation is different to the designed profile. In conclusion, the developed framework demonstrates the need for combining operations and aircraft design, and can be used to explore the best concepts in both fields.