The performance of multiple AMoD operators under congestion pricing strategies remains unexplored. We propose two congestion pricing strategies: Link-based congestion pricing strategy and Delay-based congestion pricing strategy to regulate AMoD services. We aim to demonstrate the
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The performance of multiple AMoD operators under congestion pricing strategies remains unexplored. We propose two congestion pricing strategies: Link-based congestion pricing strategy and Delay-based congestion pricing strategy to regulate AMoD services. We aim to demonstrate the effectiveness of such strategies using an agent-based modeling framework in a case study of the city of Hague, the Netherlands. Simulation results suggest that congestion pricing strategies could effectively reduce congestion, and congestion could be significantly reduced even if pricing strategies are in place in a limited area. Moreover, we found that the delay-based pricing scheme is more flexible and more capable of reducing congestion. It is recommended that some road sections may be tolled to reduce delays. Passengers, however, will have to accept higher fares because of the additional congestion fee (as we hypothesized), and the impact needs to be further investigated in future research.