Platooning has become a useful area for better transportation efficiency on highway driving. As Cooperative and Automated Vehicles continue to evolve and integrate , it is important to have insights into their implications, emphasizing the need for rigorous real-world assessments. In general, platoon formation is monitored by Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), which uses real-time vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication to exchange vehicle status information, improving the control reaction as platoon members adjust to their surroundings. Automated systems can normally drive vehicles to perform planned behaviors based on the pre-setting by humans, but if the platoon encounters disturbances, the extent to which the automated system can still follow human intentions is still unknown. This research uses field operational test (FOT) data from the CACC platoon on an arterial corridor to assess the platoon's performance when disrupted during the test. This research applies the concept of meaningful human control (MHC) with focus on tracking condition. Additionally, this study will focus on human 'reasons', both distal and proximal. An evaluation framework for platoons is created by categorizing 'Tracking' into three main metrics: comfort, safety, and local stability. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that disturbance has variable degrees of detrimental impact on the platoon's tracking state, and that these effects may be recovered when the disturbance has concluded; however, different disturbance situations indicate different recoveries. The evaluation methodology of this paper provides insight into the tracking performance of CAVs, which can help road authorities build infrastructure for their wider deployment of CAVs. Last but not least, this study may provide guidance to automation technology organizations and automobile manufacturers on how to develop vehicles so that they follow human reasons more closely.

This paper presents a train robust control method to optimize train operation based on the concept virtual coupling on train platoon. This approach is inspired by the recent development of platoon control for autonomous vehicles, and it is hoped that this platoon control can be applied to railway transportation. We use a decentralized model predictive control (MPC) to control leading train and followers together. To solve the complexity minimax objective function, we reformulated objective function as a minimization problem subject to linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). We defined four weight parameters to evaluate the model. Simulation result indicated that based on the premise of platoon stability, increase the performance parameters to obtain an optimal solution. We show that after the virtual coupling of less than two minutes, the gap distance between two consecutive trains is reduced and the capacity is increased while ensuring safey.