This thesis investigates how historical events between the 8th and 16th centuries shaped the architectural transformation of the Mezquita of Córdoba. Originally constructed under Umayyad rule as a mosque and later converted into a Christian cathedral after the Reconquista, the building reflects centuries of political, religious and cultural change. Through historical and architectural analysis, this thesis explores how each ruling phase: Umayyad foundations, Caliphal refinement under Al-Hakam II, the large-scale expansion by Al-Mansur and later Christian modifications, introduced distinct structural and stylistic interventions. These expansions did not erase earlier layers but added to a complex, hybrid monument that embodies both continuity and conflict. The Mezquita thus serves as a case study of how architecture expresses shifting ideologies and remains a site of memory, negotiation and debate.