The decarbonization of heavy-duty road freight transport requires overcoming the dual challenge of limited driving range and insufficient charging infrastructure for battery-electric trucks (BETs). This thesis develops a nationwide bi-level optimization framework that integrates the deployment of static charging stations (SCS), electrified road systems (ERS), and truck-level battery assignment, leveraging large-scale tour-based freight data from the Netherlands. By operating explicitly at the tour level rather than the trip level, the framework captures cumulative energy feasibility across multiple linked trips, thereby providing a more realistic representation of freight operations. The model is solved using a Genetic Algorithm (GA), capable of evaluating more than 1.5 million tours and 3.5 million trips, and validated against exact MILP solutions on small instances. The results show that the optimization raises feasibility from 58% to 89.9%, reducing infeasible tours to 10.1%, while overall fitness improves by 34.7%. ERS emerges as the backbone of electrification, with 12,792 km deployed (€25.7 billion, 65.6% of CAPEX), while 251 SCS facilities (€50.2 million, <1% of CAPEX) provide low-cost redundancy at regional hubs. Battery allocation is highly heterogeneous: 25% of trucks operate on 90 kWh, 40% on 600 kWh, and the remainder on intermediate sizes, yielding an average of 357 kWh—closely aligned with ElaadNL’s benchmark of 289.5 kWh/day. This heterogeneity reduces battery CAPEX by approximately 19% compared to a uniform-capacity baseline. Operating expenditures (OPEX) are dominated by ERS charging, while penalty costs for infeasible tours remain substantial, averaging €362 per unserved tour. These findings demonstrate that nationwide electrification is feasible under a layered strategy: ERS as the long-haul backbone, SCS as regional redundancy, and heterogeneous batteries as cost optimizers. The study advances the literature by moving from trip-level to tour-level modelling at unprecedented scale, explicitly quantifying infeasibility, and decomposing system costs into CAPEX, OPEX, and penalties. The results provide actionable insights for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking cost-effective and operationally viable pathways for freight decarbonization in the Netherlands and beyond.