This study investigated the effect of fire on the ultimate load-bearing capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs. The structural response of RC circular specimens subjected to static load conditions after exposure to a hydrocarbon fire on one side of the specimen was examined. Two fire exposure times were considered (60 and 120 min) in addition to reference non-exposed specimens. The static response was evaluated in the damaged specimens in residual conditions after natural cooling from the elevated temperatures. The temperature distribution across the thickness of the slabs and their load–displacement response was measured. The decrease in the stiffness of the slabs due to the thermal exposure was studied by means of direct ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements made before and after the fire tests. The decrease in global stiffness was partially accounted for by UPV measurements. The experimental results showed two peaks in the load-deflection response of the slabs. The first peak was related to an arching mechanism introduced by the specific set-up used. The second peak, corresponding to the ultimate load, occurred due to tensile membrane action at large deflections. While the former was strongly affected by the fire exposure, with the load being halved after the 120-min exposure, the latter was not greatly affected by either the presence of fire or the exposure time. Simplified mechanical models were used to explain the behavior of the RC slabs during the tests.@en