JK
J.H. Kruize
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1
In the coming years, a large portion of the 110 and 150 kV substations in the Netherlands will be replaced. For this, the Dutch TSO TenneT has introduced the Bay Replacement Program (BRP), in which the old bays are being replaced completely by standard, modular, and compact skid-mounted bays. These bays are, in principle, plug-and-play, except for the busbar disconnector, for which the pantograph has to be aligned to the overhead busbar. To make substations even more compact in the future, this thesis aims to investigate the switching impulse breakdown strength of short air gaps relevant to maintenance of the 110 kV BRP busbar disconnector, in order to determine the minimum safety clearances.
The validity of the Schneider and Weck method for simulating the gap factor of short gaps (gap distance smaller than 2 meters) is investigated. Electric field simulations in COMSOL were compared with the original results from Schneider and Weck. The simulations reproduce the original results with deviations below 5% for gaps larger than 2 meters. For gaps smaller than 2 meters, the results show irregular behaviour. Experiments on a rod-plane and conductor-rod gap show that the simulated gap factor deviates significantly from the experimentally found gap factor, and the Schneider and Weck model is therefore considered to be invalid for air gaps smaller than 2 meters. The experiments on a rod-plane and needle-plane show that the Feser equation best describes the breakdown strength of short rod-plane gaps, while the CRIEPI equation provides a conservative value suitable for clearance determination.
Experiments on the BRP busbar disconnector were conducted in the TU Delft high voltage laboratory to investigate the gap factor that may occur during maintenance. Four different gaps were tested: conductor-rod, pantograph-rod, pantograph-needle, and earthing contact-needle. The results show that the earthing contact-needle gap has the lowest gap factor of 1.20, and hence is the determining gap for the critical clearance. This critical clearance is found to be 45.6 cm, based on a worst-case risk evaluation. The currently enforced critical clearance by TenneT of 47.9 cm is considered to be adequate. A simulation is performed to study the minimum clearances related to the electric field. ...
The validity of the Schneider and Weck method for simulating the gap factor of short gaps (gap distance smaller than 2 meters) is investigated. Electric field simulations in COMSOL were compared with the original results from Schneider and Weck. The simulations reproduce the original results with deviations below 5% for gaps larger than 2 meters. For gaps smaller than 2 meters, the results show irregular behaviour. Experiments on a rod-plane and conductor-rod gap show that the simulated gap factor deviates significantly from the experimentally found gap factor, and the Schneider and Weck model is therefore considered to be invalid for air gaps smaller than 2 meters. The experiments on a rod-plane and needle-plane show that the Feser equation best describes the breakdown strength of short rod-plane gaps, while the CRIEPI equation provides a conservative value suitable for clearance determination.
Experiments on the BRP busbar disconnector were conducted in the TU Delft high voltage laboratory to investigate the gap factor that may occur during maintenance. Four different gaps were tested: conductor-rod, pantograph-rod, pantograph-needle, and earthing contact-needle. The results show that the earthing contact-needle gap has the lowest gap factor of 1.20, and hence is the determining gap for the critical clearance. This critical clearance is found to be 45.6 cm, based on a worst-case risk evaluation. The currently enforced critical clearance by TenneT of 47.9 cm is considered to be adequate. A simulation is performed to study the minimum clearances related to the electric field. ...
In the coming years, a large portion of the 110 and 150 kV substations in the Netherlands will be replaced. For this, the Dutch TSO TenneT has introduced the Bay Replacement Program (BRP), in which the old bays are being replaced completely by standard, modular, and compact skid-mounted bays. These bays are, in principle, plug-and-play, except for the busbar disconnector, for which the pantograph has to be aligned to the overhead busbar. To make substations even more compact in the future, this thesis aims to investigate the switching impulse breakdown strength of short air gaps relevant to maintenance of the 110 kV BRP busbar disconnector, in order to determine the minimum safety clearances.
The validity of the Schneider and Weck method for simulating the gap factor of short gaps (gap distance smaller than 2 meters) is investigated. Electric field simulations in COMSOL were compared with the original results from Schneider and Weck. The simulations reproduce the original results with deviations below 5% for gaps larger than 2 meters. For gaps smaller than 2 meters, the results show irregular behaviour. Experiments on a rod-plane and conductor-rod gap show that the simulated gap factor deviates significantly from the experimentally found gap factor, and the Schneider and Weck model is therefore considered to be invalid for air gaps smaller than 2 meters. The experiments on a rod-plane and needle-plane show that the Feser equation best describes the breakdown strength of short rod-plane gaps, while the CRIEPI equation provides a conservative value suitable for clearance determination.
Experiments on the BRP busbar disconnector were conducted in the TU Delft high voltage laboratory to investigate the gap factor that may occur during maintenance. Four different gaps were tested: conductor-rod, pantograph-rod, pantograph-needle, and earthing contact-needle. The results show that the earthing contact-needle gap has the lowest gap factor of 1.20, and hence is the determining gap for the critical clearance. This critical clearance is found to be 45.6 cm, based on a worst-case risk evaluation. The currently enforced critical clearance by TenneT of 47.9 cm is considered to be adequate. A simulation is performed to study the minimum clearances related to the electric field.
The validity of the Schneider and Weck method for simulating the gap factor of short gaps (gap distance smaller than 2 meters) is investigated. Electric field simulations in COMSOL were compared with the original results from Schneider and Weck. The simulations reproduce the original results with deviations below 5% for gaps larger than 2 meters. For gaps smaller than 2 meters, the results show irregular behaviour. Experiments on a rod-plane and conductor-rod gap show that the simulated gap factor deviates significantly from the experimentally found gap factor, and the Schneider and Weck model is therefore considered to be invalid for air gaps smaller than 2 meters. The experiments on a rod-plane and needle-plane show that the Feser equation best describes the breakdown strength of short rod-plane gaps, while the CRIEPI equation provides a conservative value suitable for clearance determination.
Experiments on the BRP busbar disconnector were conducted in the TU Delft high voltage laboratory to investigate the gap factor that may occur during maintenance. Four different gaps were tested: conductor-rod, pantograph-rod, pantograph-needle, and earthing contact-needle. The results show that the earthing contact-needle gap has the lowest gap factor of 1.20, and hence is the determining gap for the critical clearance. This critical clearance is found to be 45.6 cm, based on a worst-case risk evaluation. The currently enforced critical clearance by TenneT of 47.9 cm is considered to be adequate. A simulation is performed to study the minimum clearances related to the electric field.
Bachelor thesis
(2023)
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K.B. Dzhumageldyev, J.H. Kruize, T.R.J. Schram, P.J. French, T.D. Bakker, L. Abelmann
The goal of this project was to develop a sensor system that detects Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD) episodes in an early stage and brings the patient to a lighter sleep stage at the episode onset. This project was completed in close collaboration with Momo Medical, a fast-growing start-up and developer of the BedSense - a device placed under mattresses that tracks the bed posture and restlessness of residents in nursing homes. To detect RBD episodes, the BedSense was used in combination with a sock that houses the biosensors EDA, PPG and an accelerometer. The sock also contains a vibrator module, that can bring the patient to a lighter sleep stage in case of an episode.
The outcomes of this project are promising, data has been recorded from both non-RBD test subjects and an RBD patient, and the vibration module has been tested.
The results of this project were integrated with another project seeking to develop an algorithm to detect RBD episodes in an early stage. This project used data from the Momo BedSense and from the sock that has been created in this project. ...
The outcomes of this project are promising, data has been recorded from both non-RBD test subjects and an RBD patient, and the vibration module has been tested.
The results of this project were integrated with another project seeking to develop an algorithm to detect RBD episodes in an early stage. This project used data from the Momo BedSense and from the sock that has been created in this project. ...
The goal of this project was to develop a sensor system that detects Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD) episodes in an early stage and brings the patient to a lighter sleep stage at the episode onset. This project was completed in close collaboration with Momo Medical, a fast-growing start-up and developer of the BedSense - a device placed under mattresses that tracks the bed posture and restlessness of residents in nursing homes. To detect RBD episodes, the BedSense was used in combination with a sock that houses the biosensors EDA, PPG and an accelerometer. The sock also contains a vibrator module, that can bring the patient to a lighter sleep stage in case of an episode.
The outcomes of this project are promising, data has been recorded from both non-RBD test subjects and an RBD patient, and the vibration module has been tested.
The results of this project were integrated with another project seeking to develop an algorithm to detect RBD episodes in an early stage. This project used data from the Momo BedSense and from the sock that has been created in this project.
The outcomes of this project are promising, data has been recorded from both non-RBD test subjects and an RBD patient, and the vibration module has been tested.
The results of this project were integrated with another project seeking to develop an algorithm to detect RBD episodes in an early stage. This project used data from the Momo BedSense and from the sock that has been created in this project.