Due to global social and economic developments and the intensifying urbanization process, China's urban development is displaying a novel phenomenon of expansion and shrinkage oscillations. Cities dependent on natural resources are among those worst affected by China's urban shrinkage. Resource-based cities, which are essential to China's economic development, are facing the prominent challenge of urban shrinkage as a result of China's slowing economic growth, its homogenous industrial structure, and the industrial cycle of "boom and bust" brought on by resource depletion. In these cities, the gradual lack of urban dynamism results in the disadvantage in urban competition and attractiveness. The main challenge in these cities is figuring out how to achieve better sustainability and transformation.
The concept of "smart shrinkage" is a viable alternative to the conventional growth-oriented planning paradigm, which seeks to reverse the anticipated decline in the future. Smart shrinkage entails accepting the reality of shrinkage, developing policies in anticipation of urban population reduction, and investigating new models of urban intensive development under non-growth conditions. The potentials and transition based on the smart shrinkage idea are investigated in this thesis using Hegang as the study location. Hegang, a city on the border of northeast China, is on the list of resource-exhausted cities. Its population is declining, the city's mineral resources are nearly completely depleted, there is an excess of land and structures, and the quality of space is deteriorating. Does the idea of "smart shrinkage" make sense in the context of a municipality that is losing population with Chinese characteristics? Is local operationalization of shrinkage possible? In response to the long-term shrinking trend in the context of Hegang, this research develops a theoretical framework for smart shrinkage, suggests a strategic framework for urban recovery and resilience building, reconstructs Hegang's socio-economic and spatial dimensions, and recovers it to a resilient urban system. The results of a thorough investigation may serve as a point of reference for this particular group of cities' transformation and excellent development. ... Read more

The Netherlands is inextricably linked to a network of water, polders, and dykes. Recent climatic and anthropogenic transitions pose several threats to destabilize this balance including the rise in sea level, extreme weather, and floods which could drastically change the landscape of South Holland as we know it by 2100. With this potentially unstable future in context, the demand for space and houses in the Netherlands rises consistently.
However, the combination of these issues presents an opportunity to restore the balance and linkages of Dutch ways with water. The future of the Maritime manufacturing industry can act as an adhesive to sustain these links by drawing on transitions around water at a global as well as local scale. Hence, the project intends to investigate the changes in the role of water systems in 2100 and how the Maritime manufacturing sector can steer it to address future spatial and climatic adversities.
In 2100, we envision the Maritime Manufacturing industry to expand its role to facilitate the adaptivity of the natural, social and technological landscape of South Holland, using water as the primary medium. We intend to introduce a radical transition by planning for diversified spaces on and for water, serving both an economic prospect as well as increasing consciousness of its role within society.
The vision addresses 3 major transitioning landscapes (wet peatlands, salt marshes, and water bodies) to develop systemic strategies and plan spaces by making optimum use of products by the Maritime industry. The vision opens up several areas of investigation around the 2100 ‘Portscape’ including the scope of circularity in the shipbuilding/ship-recycling industry, rethinking material-flows, and transitions in socio-economic structure in context to new social environments.
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